Encyclopedia of Physical Organic Chemistry

Volume 1

List of Contributors xiii

Preface xxv

Part 1 Basic Terms and Theories 1

1 Symmetry, Pseudosymmetry, Spectroscopy, and Molecular Structure 3
Robert Glaser

2 Stereoelectronic Effects on Structure and Reactivity of Organic Molecules: Origins and Consequences 67
Igor V. Alabugin and Brian Gold

3 Steric Strain in Molecular Organics 161
Lei Yang, Linghai Xie, Ying Wei, Yuyu Liu, Murali Devi and Wei Huang

4 Strong Chemical Bonds 217
Rafael Notario

5 Noncovalent Interactions: Calculations, Classification, and Benchmark Data Sets 245
Jan RÇezácÇ and Pavel Hobza

6 Quantum Mechanics and Molecular Orbital Theory: From Basic Principles to Quantum Chemistry 277
Patrizia Calaminici, Andreas M. Köster and Karl Jug

7 Basic Elements of Chemical and Statistical Thermodynamics 315
Boris Solomonovand Timur Mukhametzyanov

8 Practical Chemical Kinetics in Solution 369
Omar A. El Seoud, Wilhelm J. Baader and Erick L. Bastos

9 Fundamental Aspects of Quantitative Structure-Reactivity Relationships 437
Frank H. Quina and Erick L. Bastos

10 General Aspects of Redox Chemistry 491
Felipe J. González, Carlos Frontana, Martín Gómez and Ignacio González

11 Aromaticity 511
Miquel Sol

12 Molecule-Medium Relationships 543
Plamen Kirilov

13 Vapor Pressure and Boiling Point 579
Rogdakis Emmanouil and Koronaki P. Irene

14 Log P 629
Supriyo Saha and Dilipkumar Pal

15 Physical Properties: Surface Tension and Capillarity 651
Rossen Sedev

16 Solubility and Miscibility for Diluted Polymers and Their Extension to Organic Semiconductors 697
Jose Dario Perea Ospina, Stefan Langner Tayebeh Ameri and Christoph J. Brabec

Volume 2

List of Contributors xiii

Preface xxv

Part 2 Organic Reactions and Mechanisms 735

17 Organic Solid-State Reactions 737
Gerd Kaupp

18 Pericyclic Reactions 817
Dean J. Tantillo

19 Radical Reactions 849
Rana K. Mohamed, Igor V. Alabugin and Philip M. Byers

20 Photoreactions 943
Michael Oelgemöller and Norbert Hoffmann

21 Reactions Under Ultrasound 1009
Hélio A. Stefani and Rodrigo Cella

22 Reactions in the Magnetic Field 1035
Masanobu Wakasa, Tomoaki Yago, Atom Hamasaki and Masao Gohdo

23 Oscillating Reactions 1127
Ljiljana Kolar-Anic, Slobodan Anic, ?eljko Cupic´, Ana Ivanovic´-Sasic, Natasa Pejic, Slavica Blagojevic and Vladana Vukojevic

24 Small Organic Molecule-Catalyzed Reactions 1223
Bor-Cherng Hong

25 Intramolecular Catalysis of Organic Reactions 1299
C.-Y. Ho and L. Xiang

26 Green Chemistry: Challenges and Opportunities 1365
W. Roy Jackson, Eva M. Campi and Milton T. W. Hearn

27 Reactions in Ionic Liquids 1411
Sinead T. Keaveney, Ronald S. Haines and Jason B. Harper

Volume 3

List of Contributors xiii

Preface xxv

Part 2 Organic Reactions and Mechanisms (Continued) 1465

28 Reactions in Fluorous Solvents 1467
Hiroshi Matsubara

Part 3 Molecular Designs and Syntheses 1527

29 Molecular Interaction and Recognition 1529
Kevin Daze and Fraser Hof

30 Molecular Modeling 1581
Damien Thompson

31 Function-Oriented Molecular Design: Crown Ether 1625
Tetsuo Okada

32 Function-Oriented Molecular Design: Cryptand 1699
Mari Ikeda, Shunsuke Kuwahara and Yoichi Habata

33 Cyclodextrin-Based Functional Materials and Surfaces 1793
Mohamed El Idrissi, Negar Moridi and Patrick Shahgaldian

34 Function-Oriented Molecular Design: Calix[n]Arenes 1825
Hu Shu-Zhen, Han Ying and Chen Chuan-Feng

35 Function-Oriented Molecular Design: Fullerenes and Related Carbon Materials 1857
Fa-Bao Li and Guan-Wu Wang

36 Function-Oriented Molecular Design: Dendrimer 1933
Jitendra Satija and Soumyo Mukherji

37 Molecular Functionalization of Interfaces between Different Phases from the Standpoint of Functional Interface Engineering 1989
Tetsuya Haruyama

38 Function-Oriented Molecular Design: Nucleic Acids 2009
Lorenzo Di Bari and Maria Minunni

39 Multivariate QSAR 2041
Márcia M. C. Ferreira

40 Design of Organic Magnetic Materials 2079
Jin Y. Lee, Kyoung C. Ko and Daeheum Cho

41 Design of Conducting and Superconducting Organic Molecules 2133
Jun-ichi Yamada and Hiroyuki Nishikawa

Volume 4

List of Contributors xiii

Preface xxv

Part 3 Molecular Designs and Syntheses (Continued) 2189

42 Physical and Chemical Principles in Molecular Electronics 2191
Adam Johan Bergren and Gino DiLabio

43 Self-Assembly in Molecular Design 2233
Miu S. Chan, Man S. Wong and Pik K. Lo

44 Deciphering a Synthetic Strategy-the Art and Beauty of Organic Synthesis 2273
Jakub PieÛTa, Piotr Drelich, Artur Przydacz, Anna Albrecht and Aukasz Albrecht

45 Asymmetric Synthesis in Medicinal Chemistry 2331
Smritilekha Bera and Dhananjoy Mondal

46 Strained Organic Molecules 2481
Tien-Yau Luh, Man-Kit Leung, Yao-Ting Wu and Liangbing Gan

47 Supramolecular Chemistry: Synthesis and Photophysical Characteristics of Conjugated Polyrotaxanes 2543
Aurica Farcas and Ana-Maria Resmerita

48 Electrochemical Studies of Conjugated Polyrotaxanes and their Unthreaded Analogs 2583
Aurica Farcas and Pierre-Henri Aubert

49 Advances in Photocatalysis Over Highly Dispersed Ti Oxides in Sio2 Mesoporous Materials 2619
Mingyang Xing, Xiao Li, Jinlong Zhang and Masakazu Anpo

Part 4 Tools and Experimental Techniques 2669

50 Semiempirical and Molecular Mechanics Treatment of Noncovalent Interactions 2671
Nusret Duygu Yilmazer and Martin Korth

51 Electron Densities: Population Analysis and Beyond 2705
Renato Contreras, Luis R. Domingo and Bernard Silvi

52 NMR Spectroscopy 2819
Xingyu Lu and Guangjin Hou

53 Methods of Magnetic Resonance in Studying Natural Biomaterials 2861
Victor Rodin

Volume 5

List of Contributors xiii

Preface xxv

Part 4 Tools and Experimental Techniques (Continued) 2909

54 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 2911
Sabrina Weickert and Malte Drescher

55 Electrical Discharges 2957
Mário Janda, Zdenko Machala, Ravindra P. Joshi, Lev Krasnoperov and Selma Mededovic Thagard

56 Fluorescence Spectroscopy: From Classical Aspects to Current Trends 3011
Mihaela Homocianu

57 Laser Flash Photolysis 3059
Xian-Fu Zhang

58 Light-Induced Excited Spin State Trapping 3083
Ivan Salitros and Ján Pavlik

59 Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy 3181
Diana F. Garcia-Gutierrez, Lina M. De Leon-Covian and Domingo I. Garcia-Gutierrez

60 Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy: Theory and Application in Engineering and Science 3217
Joseph Hamuyuni, Michael O. Daramola and Olugbenga O. Oluwasina

61 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 3241
Joanna S. Stevens and Sven L. M. Schroeder

62 Other Scanning Probe Microscopies 3295
Yuanmin Du, Swee Liang Wong, Yuli Huang, Johnny Ping Kwan Wong and Andrew Thye Shen Wee

63 Cyclic Voltammetry 3437
Lida Khalafi and Mohammad Rafiee

Part 5 Applications and Future Directions 3479

64 Semiconducting Organic Molecules 3481
Maria Vasilopoulou

65 Organic Field-Effect Transistors 3565
Martin Weis

66 Organic Molecules for Application of Engineering Thermodynamics: Refrigeration and Organic Rankine Cycle 3605
Xinxin Zhang

Volume 6

List of Contributors xiii

Preface xxv

Part 5 Applications and Future Directions (Continued) 3651

67 Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels 3653
Aleksei Bredihhin and Lauri Vares

68 Nanocatalysis 3697
Haichao Liu, Jing Guan, Xindong Mu, Guoqiang Xu, Xicheng Wang and Xiufang Chen

69 Sustainable Catalysis 3773
Harminder Singh and Jaspreet Kaur Rajput

70 Artificial Photosynthesis 3813
Lei Liu and Jin-Gang Liu

71 Artificial Enzymes: The Next Wave 3885
Hanjun Cheng, Xiaoyu Wang and Hui Wei

72 Glycobiology 3949
Gherman Y. Wiederschain

73 DNA-Interacting Molecules and Cancer Treatments 3993
Gunjan Tyagi, Parul Mehrotra, Shweta Agarwal and Ranjana Mehrotra

74 Porous Organic Materials from Self-Assembly of Peptides and Polyamides 4089
Debasish Haldar

75 Precision Synthesis of Polysaccharides and their Supramolecular and Nanostructured Materials by Enzymatic Reactions 4137
Jun-ichi Kadokawa

Index 418

"This encyclopedia will provide advanced chemistry researchers with a thorough foundation from which to build a literature review"C. M. Dalzell, Quinnipiac University CHOICE Sept 17