Short Circuits in Power Systems
A Practical Guide to IEC 60909-0
2. Edition January 2018
XIV, 298 Pages, Hardcover
1 Pictures
Practical Approach Book
Short Description
DAS Praktikerbuch zur wichtigsten internationalen Norm IEC 60909-0 zur Vermeidung von Kurzschlüssen in elektrischen Netzen - vollständig überarbeitet und aktualisiert!
Further versions
Reflecting the changes to the all-important short circuit calculations in three-phase power systems according to IEC 60909-0 standard, this new edition of the practical guide retains its proven and unique concept of explanations, calculations and real-life examples of short circuits in electrical networks. It has also been completely revised and expanded by 20% to include the standard-compliant prevention of short circuits in electrical networks for photovoltaics and wind energy. By understanding the theory any software allows users to perform all the necessary calculations with ease so they can work on the design and application of low- and high-voltage power systems.
This book is a practitioner's guide intended for students, electrical engineers, engineers in power technology, the electrotechnical industry, engineering consultants, energy suppliers, chemical engineers and physicists in industry.
Time Behavior of the Short Circuit Current
Short Circuit Path in the Positive-Sequence System
Classification of Short Circuit Types
Methods of Short Circuit Calculation
Calculating with Reference Variables
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT IEC 60 909
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF IEC 60 909
SUPPLY NETWORKS
Calculation Variables for Supply Networks
Lines Supplied from a Single Source
Radial Networks
Ringnetworks
Meshed Networks
NETWORK TYPES FOR THE CALCULATION OF SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENTS
Low Voltage Network Types
Medium Voltage Network Types
SYSTEMS UP TO 1 KV
TN Systems
Calculation of Fault Currents
TT Systems
IT Systems
Transformation of the Network Types Described to Equivalent Circuit Diagrams
NEUTRAL POINT TREATMENT IN THREE-PHASE NETWORKS
Networks with Isolated Free Neutral Point
Networks with Grounding Compensation
Networks with Low Impedance Neutral Point Treatment
IMPEDANCES OF THREE-PHASE OPERATIONAL EQUIPMENT
Network Feed-Ins
Synchronous Machines
Transformers
Short Circuit Current on the Secondary Side
Voltage Regulating Transformers
Cables and Overhead Lines
Short Circuit Current Limiting
Asynchronous Machines
Consideration of Capacitors and Non-Rotating Loads
Consideration of Static Converters
IMPEDANCE CORRECTIONS
Correction Factor KG for Generators
Correction Factor KKW for Power Plant Block
Correction Factor KT for Transformers with Two and Three Wind
THE METHOD OF SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS
Symmetrical Components
Impedances of Symmetrical Components
CALCULATION OF SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENTS
Three-Pole Short Circuits
Two-Pole Short Circuits with Contact to Ground
Two-Pole Short Circuit Without Contact to Ground
Single-Pole Short Circuits to Ground
Peak Short Circuit Current Ip
Symmetrical Breaking Current Ia
Steady State Short Circuit Current Ik
MOTORS IN THREE-PHASE NETWORKS
Short Circuits At the Terminals of Asynchronous Motors
Motor Groups Supplied from Transformers with Two Windings
Motor Groups Supplied from Transformers with Different Nominal Voltages
MECHANICAL AND THERMAL SHORT CIRCUIT STRENGTH
Mechanical Short Circuit Current Strength
Thermal Short Circuit Current Strength
Limitation of Short Circuit Currents
CALCULATIONS FOR SHORT CIRCUIT STRENGTH
Short Circuit Strength for Medium Voltage Switchgear
Short Circuit Strength for Low Voltage Switchgear
EQUIPMENT FOR OVERCURRENT PROTECTION
Short Circuit Currents in DC Systems
Resistances of Line Sections
Current Converters
Batteries
Capacitors
DC Motors
PROGRAMS FOR THE CALCULATION OF SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENTS
EXAMPLES: CALCULATION OF SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENTS
Example 1: Radial Network
Example 2: Proof of Protective Measures
Example 3: Connection Box to Service Panel
Example 4: Transformers in Parallel
Example 5: Connection of a Motor
Example 6: Calculation for a Load Circuit
Example 7: Calculation for An Industrial System
Example 8: Calculation of Three-Pole Short Circuit Current and Peak Short Circuit Current
Example 9: Meshed Network
Example 10: Supply to a Factory
Example 11: Calculation with Impedance Corrections
Example 12: Connection of a Transformer Through An External Network and a Generator
Example 13: Motors in Parallel and Their Contributions to the Short Circuit Current
Example 14: Proof of the Stability of Low Voltage Systems
Example 15: Proof of the Stability of Medium and High Voltage Systems
Example 16: Calculation for Short Circuit Currents with Impedance Corrections
Example 17: Calculation with Per-Unit Magnitudes
He plays since 1994 an active role in Turkey for educational purposes and in the regulation of IEC and EN. Within the scope of the EU Erasmus program he gives lectures at the University of Pamukkale and Ege University in the field of Electric Power Systems, Grounding and Protection.
