Counselling Psychology
A Textbook for Study and Practice
BPS Textbooks in Psychology (Series Nr. 1)
1. Edition September 2017
496 Pages, Softcover
Wiley & Sons Ltd
ISBN:
978-1-119-10686-9
John Wiley & Sons
Further versions
A complete introduction to the theory and practice of contemporary counselling psychology
An excellent resource for students at undergraduate or graduate level, Counselling Psychology: A Textbook for Study and Practice provides valuable insights into the key issues associated with theory and practice in this field. The contributors represent a diverse array of approaches, reflecting the rich diversity within the area, and care is taken to avoid favouring any one approach. The book begins with an overview of the historical and philosophical foundations of counselling psychology, before taking a detailed look at major therapeutic approaches and exploring issues associated with specific client populations, ethics, research design, and more. In particular, the text seeks to explain how counselling psychology differs from and informs other areas of contemporary applied psychology. The result is an engaging balance of the personal and academically rigorous, presented in a highly accessible format.
* An authoritative introduction to and key issues involved with the theory and practice of counselling psychology for students and practitioners at all levels
* Considers all major approaches to psychotherapy including existential, person-centered experiential, psychodynamic, and cognitive-behavioural
* Explores issues commonly encountered when working with specific client groups including children, people with intellectual disabilities, and emergency trauma victims
About the Contributors xix
Foreword xxvii
PART 1 Introduction and Foundations 1
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to the Textbook on Counselling Psychology 3
David Murphy
CHAPTER 2 A History of British Counselling Psychology 8
Alan Frankland
Introduction 9
A Founding Figure 10
The Institutional History 11
And How Has It Grown Since? 15
And Now? 16
CHAPTER 3 Counselling Psychology: Assumptions, Challenges, and Aspirations 22
Stephen Joseph
Introduction 23
The Assumptions of Counselling Psychology in Relation to the Medical Ideology 24
Challenges to Counselling Psychology 28
Looking to the Future of Counselling Psychology 31
Conclusion 33
CHAPTER 4 Philosophical Issues in Counselling Psychology 36
Simon du Plock
A Personal Perspective 37
So What Do We Mean When We Use the Word "Philosophy"? 38
The Relationship between Philosophy and Therapy 40
The Place of Philosophy in Counselling Psychology 41
A Philosophically Informed Knowledge Base for Counselling Psychology 43
A Philosophical Rather Than a Medical Perspective on What it Means to Be Well 45
A Philosophical Perspective on Movement and Exercise 47
Conclusion 49
PART 2 Approaches to Counselling Psychology 53
CHAPTER 5 Existential Counselling Psychology 55
Elaine Kasket
Introduction 56
Ontological Assumptions: Image of the Person 57
Epistemologies: The Ways of Knowing within Existential Therapy 58
Guiding Principles: Core Theoretical Assumptions 59
Nature and Understanding of Psychological Distress 61
The Role and Place of the Therapeutic Relationship 62
Therapist, Client, and Relational Contributions to Effective Existential Therapy 63
Contemporary Adaptations, Developments, and Extensions of the Existential Approach 65
Future Orientations 68
Conclusion 69
CHAPTER 6 Person-Centred Experiential Counselling Psychology 72
David Murphy
Introduction 73
Ontological Assumptions: Image of the Person 74
Epistemology: Ways of Knowing 75
Guiding Principles and Core Assumptions 75
Nature and Understanding of Psychological Distress 77
The Role and Place of the Therapeutic Relationship 79
Therapist, Client, and Relational Contributions to Effective Person-Centred Experiential Counselling Psychology 80
Adaptations, Developments, and Extensions of Original Approach 81
Future Orientations 84
Conclusion 84
CHAPTER 7 Psychodynamic Counselling Psychology 88
Andrea Halewood
Introduction 89
Ontological Assumptions: Image of the Person 89
Epistemologies: The Ways of Knowing 90
Guiding Principles: Core Theoretical Assumptions 91
Nature and Understanding of Psychological Distress 92
The Role and Place of the Therapeutic Relationship 93
Therapist, Client, and Relational Contributions to Effective Psychodynamic Therapy 94
Contemporary Adaptations, Developments, Extensions 95
Future Orientations 99
Conclusion 100
CHAPTER 8 Cognitive-Behavioural Counselling Psychology 104
Windy Dryden
Introduction 105
Ontological Assumptions: Image of the Person 105
Epistemologies: The Ways of Knowing 106
Guiding Principles: Core Theoretical Assumptions 107
Nature and Understanding of Psychological Distress 108
The Role and Place of the Therapeutic Relationship 110
Therapist, Client, and Relational Contributions to
Effective Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy 111
Contemporary Adaptations, Developments, Extensions 113
Future Orientations 116
Conclusion 117
CHAPTER 9 Transpersonal Counselling Psychology 120
John Rowan
Introduction 121
Ontological Assumptions: Image of the Person 121
Epistemologies: Ways of Knowing in Transpersonal Counselling Psychology 122
Guiding Principles and Core Theoretical Assumptions 123
Nature and Understanding of Psychological Distress 124
The Role and Place of the Therapeutic Relationship 125
Therapist, Client, and Relational Contributions to Effective Transpersonal Counselling Psychology 127
Contemporary Adaptations, Developments, Extensions 129
Future Orientations 131
Conclusion 131
CHAPTER 10 Pluralistic Counselling Psychology 134
Terry Hanley, Laura Anne Winter, John McLeod, and Mick Cooper
Introduction 135
Ontological Assumptions: Image of the Person 136
Epistemologies: Ways of Knowing 136
Guiding Principles: Core Theoretical Assumptions 137
Nature and Understanding of Psychological Distress 138
The Role and Place of the Therapeutic Relationship 139
Therapist, Client, and Relational Contributions to Effective Pluralistic Counselling Psychology 140
Contemporary Adaptations, Developments, Extensions 141
Future Orientations 145
Conclusion 146
CHAPTER 11 Psychotherapy Integration for Counselling Psychology 150
Michael J. Lambert and John C. Norcross
Introduction 151
Varieties of Integration 152
Ontological Assumptions: Image of the Person 155
Epistemologies: Ways of Knowing 155
Guiding Principles and Core Theoretical Assumptions 156
Nature and Understanding of Psychological Distress 158
The Role and Place of the Therapeutic Relationship 159
Therapist, Client, and Relational Contributions to Effective Counselling Psychology 161
Contemporary Adaptations, Developments, Extensions 162
Conclusions and Future Directions 164
PART 3 Working with Client Groups 169
CHAPTER 12 Counselling Psychology for Children and Young People 171
Terry Hanley, Jasmina Frzina, and Nafeesa Nizami
Introduction 172
Background and Scope of Work for Counselling Psychologists Working with Children and Young People 172
Guiding Principles for Practitioners 174
Conceptualizing Distress for this Group 176
Common Issues 177
Review of Evidence-based Methods 178
Legal and Ethical Issues and Relevant Frameworks for Reference 179
Conclusion 182
CHAPTER 13 Counselling Psychologists Working with People with Special Needs and Disabilities 185
Anne Emerson
Introduction 186
Models of Disability 187
Guiding Principles for Practitioners 187
Conceptualizing Distress 191
Counselling Psychology Approaches for SND 194
Conclusion 196
CHAPTER 14 Counselling Psychology for Clients with Asperger Syndrome 200
Anja Rutten
Introduction 201
Autism and Asperger Syndrome 201
Diagnostic Labels 202
Considering Autism as Counselling Psychologists 202
Is Autism a Disability? 203
Person-First Language or Not? 204
Autistic People's Distress 204
Therapeutic Work with Clients with Asperger Syndrome 205
Experiences of Therapy 207
Conclusion 209
CHAPTER 15 Counselling Psychology for Trauma in Emergency Services Occupations 214
Noreen Tehrani
Introduction 215
The Nature of Traumatic Exposure in Organizations 215
The Impact of Trauma on Emergency Service Personnel 217
High Risk Roles and Duty of Care 218
Early Trauma Interventions 220
Trauma Therapy 222
Conclusion 226
PART 4 Socio-cultural Issues 229
CHAPTER 16 Sexualities in Counselling Psychology 231
Eric E. Arnold and Melanie E. Brewster
Introduction 232
Diverse Sexual Practices 232
Unpacking the Alphabet Soup: LGB Identities 233
Identity Intersectionality in a Multicultural World 235
Minority Stress and Marginalization 238
Identity Development 238
Experiences in School and Work 239
Intimacy and Families 240
Physical Health in LGB Communities 241
Mental Health 242
CHAPTER 17 Social Class in Counselling Psychology 249
William Ming Liu and Alex J. Colbow
Introduction 250
Social Class and Psychological Distress 251
Counselling Psychology as a Transmitter of Classism 253
What Students and Clinicians Can Do 256
Upward Mobility Bias 258
Conclusion 260
CHAPTER 18 Issues of Race and Ethnicity in Counselling Psychology 265
Ohemaa Nkansa-Dwamena
Introduction 266
Dialogue and Narrative: How Does Counselling
Think About Race and Ethnicity? 267
Privilege, Prejudice, Bias, and Race 269
Challenging Stereotypes 270
Clinical Practice: How Do We Engage with Race and Ethnicity? 271
Working Across the Lifespan: History in Race and Ethnicity 274
Conclusion 278
CHAPTER 19 Gender in Counselling Psychology 281
Meg-John Barker and Christina Richards
Introduction 282
Understanding Gender 283
Counselling Psychology with Cisgender Women and Men 286
Counselling Psychology with Trans Men and Women 288
Counselling Psychology with Nonbinary People 290
Conclusion 293
PART 5 Professional Issues 297
CHAPTER 20 Developing Ethical Awareness Whilst Training to Be a Counselling Psychologist 299
Pam James
Introduction 300
Question 1: What is Working Ethically? 300
Question 2: Why is it Necessary to Have Codes of Practice and What Are They? 302
Question 3: What is the Specific Nature of Counselling Psychology Training? 304
Question 4: Does the Way of Working Ethically Change from Pre- to Postqualification? 306
General Learning Points for the Development of a Personal Ethical Awareness 312
Conclusion 312
CHAPTER 21 Practice Ethics for Counselling Psychology 315
Dee Danchev
Introduction 316
Trust 316
Codes, Principles, and Virtues 317
Dilemmas and Structures for Solving Dilemmas 318
Are There Ethical Differences Among Therapeutic Orientations? 322
Responsibility 322
Online Counselling 323
What Are Unethical Actions? 325
Practice Supervision 325
CHAPTER 22 The Politics of Counselling Psychology 330
Colin Feltham and Richard House
Introduction 331
Politics and Counselling Psychologists 331
Alignment with Marginalized and Oppressed Groups 334
Professional Politics 336
Wider Applications of Counselling Psychology Theory, and Crossovers 339
CHAPTER 23 Supervision in Counselling Psychology 346
Mary Creaner and Ladislav Timulak
Introduction 347
Defining Supervision in Counselling Psychology 347
The Relationship in Counselling Psychology Supervision 349
Models of Supervision in Counselling Psychology 351
Supervision Competencies 352
Supervision Training for Counselling Psychologists 353
Multicultural and Diversity Issues in Supervision 354
Posttraining Supervision in Counselling Psychology 354
Future Directions for Supervision in Counselling Psychology 355
CHAPTER 24 Training in Counselling Psychology 361
Ewan Gillon, Ladislav Timulak, and Mary Creaner
Introduction 362
The Structure of Counselling Psychology Training in the UK 362
The Organization of Counselling Psychology Training in the UK 364
Training Standards in Counselling Psychology Internationally 369
Developing the Training Agenda in the UK 372
Conclusion 373
PART 6 Research in Counselling Psychology 377
CHAPTER 25 Research Ethics in Counselling Psychology 379
Dee Danchev
Introduction 380
Historical Context 380
The Ethics of the Researcher and Their Positioning 381
The Participant's Perspective 383
The Use of Incentives 384
Informed Consent 385
Deception 387
Anonymity 387
Online Research 388
Research Method, Analysis, and Reporting Findings 388
Aftercare of Participants 389
Dissemination and the Research Afterlife 389
Researcher Self-care 390
Conclusion 391
CHAPTER 26 An Introduction to Qualitative Research in Counselling Psychology 394
John McLeod
Introduction 395
Epistemologies: Ways of Knowing 395
Guiding Principles 397
What Questions Can Be Asked in Qualitative Psychological Research? 398
Key Research Methods 399
Sampling 400
Approaches to Analysing Data 402
Conclusion 405
CHAPTER 27 An Introduction to Quantitative Research in Counselling Psychology 408
Duncan Cramer
Introduction 409
Why Use Quantitative Research Methods? 409
Guiding Principles and Core Methodological Assumptions 411
Major Types of Experimental Designs 412
Questions That Can Be Asked in Quantitative Psychological Research 413
Key Research Methods 414
Sampling 416
Sample Research Study Example 420
Conclusion 422
CHAPTER 28 Hermeneutic Single Case Efficacy Design for Counselling Psychology 425
Robert Elliott and Mark Widdowson
Introduction 426
Epistemologies: Ways of Knowing 426
Guiding Principles and Assumptions 428
Research Questions Addressed 429
Key Research Methods 430
Sampling 432
Approaches to Analysing Data 432
HSCED Examples 434
Conclusion: Strengths and Limitations of HSCED 435
CHAPTER 29 Theory-Building Case Studies for Counselling Psychology 439
William B. Stiles
Introduction 440
How Theory-building Research Works 440
How to Do Theory-building Case Studies 445
Conclusion 451
Index 453
Foreword xxvii
PART 1 Introduction and Foundations 1
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to the Textbook on Counselling Psychology 3
David Murphy
CHAPTER 2 A History of British Counselling Psychology 8
Alan Frankland
Introduction 9
A Founding Figure 10
The Institutional History 11
And How Has It Grown Since? 15
And Now? 16
CHAPTER 3 Counselling Psychology: Assumptions, Challenges, and Aspirations 22
Stephen Joseph
Introduction 23
The Assumptions of Counselling Psychology in Relation to the Medical Ideology 24
Challenges to Counselling Psychology 28
Looking to the Future of Counselling Psychology 31
Conclusion 33
CHAPTER 4 Philosophical Issues in Counselling Psychology 36
Simon du Plock
A Personal Perspective 37
So What Do We Mean When We Use the Word "Philosophy"? 38
The Relationship between Philosophy and Therapy 40
The Place of Philosophy in Counselling Psychology 41
A Philosophically Informed Knowledge Base for Counselling Psychology 43
A Philosophical Rather Than a Medical Perspective on What it Means to Be Well 45
A Philosophical Perspective on Movement and Exercise 47
Conclusion 49
PART 2 Approaches to Counselling Psychology 53
CHAPTER 5 Existential Counselling Psychology 55
Elaine Kasket
Introduction 56
Ontological Assumptions: Image of the Person 57
Epistemologies: The Ways of Knowing within Existential Therapy 58
Guiding Principles: Core Theoretical Assumptions 59
Nature and Understanding of Psychological Distress 61
The Role and Place of the Therapeutic Relationship 62
Therapist, Client, and Relational Contributions to Effective Existential Therapy 63
Contemporary Adaptations, Developments, and Extensions of the Existential Approach 65
Future Orientations 68
Conclusion 69
CHAPTER 6 Person-Centred Experiential Counselling Psychology 72
David Murphy
Introduction 73
Ontological Assumptions: Image of the Person 74
Epistemology: Ways of Knowing 75
Guiding Principles and Core Assumptions 75
Nature and Understanding of Psychological Distress 77
The Role and Place of the Therapeutic Relationship 79
Therapist, Client, and Relational Contributions to Effective Person-Centred Experiential Counselling Psychology 80
Adaptations, Developments, and Extensions of Original Approach 81
Future Orientations 84
Conclusion 84
CHAPTER 7 Psychodynamic Counselling Psychology 88
Andrea Halewood
Introduction 89
Ontological Assumptions: Image of the Person 89
Epistemologies: The Ways of Knowing 90
Guiding Principles: Core Theoretical Assumptions 91
Nature and Understanding of Psychological Distress 92
The Role and Place of the Therapeutic Relationship 93
Therapist, Client, and Relational Contributions to Effective Psychodynamic Therapy 94
Contemporary Adaptations, Developments, Extensions 95
Future Orientations 99
Conclusion 100
CHAPTER 8 Cognitive-Behavioural Counselling Psychology 104
Windy Dryden
Introduction 105
Ontological Assumptions: Image of the Person 105
Epistemologies: The Ways of Knowing 106
Guiding Principles: Core Theoretical Assumptions 107
Nature and Understanding of Psychological Distress 108
The Role and Place of the Therapeutic Relationship 110
Therapist, Client, and Relational Contributions to
Effective Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy 111
Contemporary Adaptations, Developments, Extensions 113
Future Orientations 116
Conclusion 117
CHAPTER 9 Transpersonal Counselling Psychology 120
John Rowan
Introduction 121
Ontological Assumptions: Image of the Person 121
Epistemologies: Ways of Knowing in Transpersonal Counselling Psychology 122
Guiding Principles and Core Theoretical Assumptions 123
Nature and Understanding of Psychological Distress 124
The Role and Place of the Therapeutic Relationship 125
Therapist, Client, and Relational Contributions to Effective Transpersonal Counselling Psychology 127
Contemporary Adaptations, Developments, Extensions 129
Future Orientations 131
Conclusion 131
CHAPTER 10 Pluralistic Counselling Psychology 134
Terry Hanley, Laura Anne Winter, John McLeod, and Mick Cooper
Introduction 135
Ontological Assumptions: Image of the Person 136
Epistemologies: Ways of Knowing 136
Guiding Principles: Core Theoretical Assumptions 137
Nature and Understanding of Psychological Distress 138
The Role and Place of the Therapeutic Relationship 139
Therapist, Client, and Relational Contributions to Effective Pluralistic Counselling Psychology 140
Contemporary Adaptations, Developments, Extensions 141
Future Orientations 145
Conclusion 146
CHAPTER 11 Psychotherapy Integration for Counselling Psychology 150
Michael J. Lambert and John C. Norcross
Introduction 151
Varieties of Integration 152
Ontological Assumptions: Image of the Person 155
Epistemologies: Ways of Knowing 155
Guiding Principles and Core Theoretical Assumptions 156
Nature and Understanding of Psychological Distress 158
The Role and Place of the Therapeutic Relationship 159
Therapist, Client, and Relational Contributions to Effective Counselling Psychology 161
Contemporary Adaptations, Developments, Extensions 162
Conclusions and Future Directions 164
PART 3 Working with Client Groups 169
CHAPTER 12 Counselling Psychology for Children and Young People 171
Terry Hanley, Jasmina Frzina, and Nafeesa Nizami
Introduction 172
Background and Scope of Work for Counselling Psychologists Working with Children and Young People 172
Guiding Principles for Practitioners 174
Conceptualizing Distress for this Group 176
Common Issues 177
Review of Evidence-based Methods 178
Legal and Ethical Issues and Relevant Frameworks for Reference 179
Conclusion 182
CHAPTER 13 Counselling Psychologists Working with People with Special Needs and Disabilities 185
Anne Emerson
Introduction 186
Models of Disability 187
Guiding Principles for Practitioners 187
Conceptualizing Distress 191
Counselling Psychology Approaches for SND 194
Conclusion 196
CHAPTER 14 Counselling Psychology for Clients with Asperger Syndrome 200
Anja Rutten
Introduction 201
Autism and Asperger Syndrome 201
Diagnostic Labels 202
Considering Autism as Counselling Psychologists 202
Is Autism a Disability? 203
Person-First Language or Not? 204
Autistic People's Distress 204
Therapeutic Work with Clients with Asperger Syndrome 205
Experiences of Therapy 207
Conclusion 209
CHAPTER 15 Counselling Psychology for Trauma in Emergency Services Occupations 214
Noreen Tehrani
Introduction 215
The Nature of Traumatic Exposure in Organizations 215
The Impact of Trauma on Emergency Service Personnel 217
High Risk Roles and Duty of Care 218
Early Trauma Interventions 220
Trauma Therapy 222
Conclusion 226
PART 4 Socio-cultural Issues 229
CHAPTER 16 Sexualities in Counselling Psychology 231
Eric E. Arnold and Melanie E. Brewster
Introduction 232
Diverse Sexual Practices 232
Unpacking the Alphabet Soup: LGB Identities 233
Identity Intersectionality in a Multicultural World 235
Minority Stress and Marginalization 238
Identity Development 238
Experiences in School and Work 239
Intimacy and Families 240
Physical Health in LGB Communities 241
Mental Health 242
CHAPTER 17 Social Class in Counselling Psychology 249
William Ming Liu and Alex J. Colbow
Introduction 250
Social Class and Psychological Distress 251
Counselling Psychology as a Transmitter of Classism 253
What Students and Clinicians Can Do 256
Upward Mobility Bias 258
Conclusion 260
CHAPTER 18 Issues of Race and Ethnicity in Counselling Psychology 265
Ohemaa Nkansa-Dwamena
Introduction 266
Dialogue and Narrative: How Does Counselling
Think About Race and Ethnicity? 267
Privilege, Prejudice, Bias, and Race 269
Challenging Stereotypes 270
Clinical Practice: How Do We Engage with Race and Ethnicity? 271
Working Across the Lifespan: History in Race and Ethnicity 274
Conclusion 278
CHAPTER 19 Gender in Counselling Psychology 281
Meg-John Barker and Christina Richards
Introduction 282
Understanding Gender 283
Counselling Psychology with Cisgender Women and Men 286
Counselling Psychology with Trans Men and Women 288
Counselling Psychology with Nonbinary People 290
Conclusion 293
PART 5 Professional Issues 297
CHAPTER 20 Developing Ethical Awareness Whilst Training to Be a Counselling Psychologist 299
Pam James
Introduction 300
Question 1: What is Working Ethically? 300
Question 2: Why is it Necessary to Have Codes of Practice and What Are They? 302
Question 3: What is the Specific Nature of Counselling Psychology Training? 304
Question 4: Does the Way of Working Ethically Change from Pre- to Postqualification? 306
General Learning Points for the Development of a Personal Ethical Awareness 312
Conclusion 312
CHAPTER 21 Practice Ethics for Counselling Psychology 315
Dee Danchev
Introduction 316
Trust 316
Codes, Principles, and Virtues 317
Dilemmas and Structures for Solving Dilemmas 318
Are There Ethical Differences Among Therapeutic Orientations? 322
Responsibility 322
Online Counselling 323
What Are Unethical Actions? 325
Practice Supervision 325
CHAPTER 22 The Politics of Counselling Psychology 330
Colin Feltham and Richard House
Introduction 331
Politics and Counselling Psychologists 331
Alignment with Marginalized and Oppressed Groups 334
Professional Politics 336
Wider Applications of Counselling Psychology Theory, and Crossovers 339
CHAPTER 23 Supervision in Counselling Psychology 346
Mary Creaner and Ladislav Timulak
Introduction 347
Defining Supervision in Counselling Psychology 347
The Relationship in Counselling Psychology Supervision 349
Models of Supervision in Counselling Psychology 351
Supervision Competencies 352
Supervision Training for Counselling Psychologists 353
Multicultural and Diversity Issues in Supervision 354
Posttraining Supervision in Counselling Psychology 354
Future Directions for Supervision in Counselling Psychology 355
CHAPTER 24 Training in Counselling Psychology 361
Ewan Gillon, Ladislav Timulak, and Mary Creaner
Introduction 362
The Structure of Counselling Psychology Training in the UK 362
The Organization of Counselling Psychology Training in the UK 364
Training Standards in Counselling Psychology Internationally 369
Developing the Training Agenda in the UK 372
Conclusion 373
PART 6 Research in Counselling Psychology 377
CHAPTER 25 Research Ethics in Counselling Psychology 379
Dee Danchev
Introduction 380
Historical Context 380
The Ethics of the Researcher and Their Positioning 381
The Participant's Perspective 383
The Use of Incentives 384
Informed Consent 385
Deception 387
Anonymity 387
Online Research 388
Research Method, Analysis, and Reporting Findings 388
Aftercare of Participants 389
Dissemination and the Research Afterlife 389
Researcher Self-care 390
Conclusion 391
CHAPTER 26 An Introduction to Qualitative Research in Counselling Psychology 394
John McLeod
Introduction 395
Epistemologies: Ways of Knowing 395
Guiding Principles 397
What Questions Can Be Asked in Qualitative Psychological Research? 398
Key Research Methods 399
Sampling 400
Approaches to Analysing Data 402
Conclusion 405
CHAPTER 27 An Introduction to Quantitative Research in Counselling Psychology 408
Duncan Cramer
Introduction 409
Why Use Quantitative Research Methods? 409
Guiding Principles and Core Methodological Assumptions 411
Major Types of Experimental Designs 412
Questions That Can Be Asked in Quantitative Psychological Research 413
Key Research Methods 414
Sampling 416
Sample Research Study Example 420
Conclusion 422
CHAPTER 28 Hermeneutic Single Case Efficacy Design for Counselling Psychology 425
Robert Elliott and Mark Widdowson
Introduction 426
Epistemologies: Ways of Knowing 426
Guiding Principles and Assumptions 428
Research Questions Addressed 429
Key Research Methods 430
Sampling 432
Approaches to Analysing Data 432
HSCED Examples 434
Conclusion: Strengths and Limitations of HSCED 435
CHAPTER 29 Theory-Building Case Studies for Counselling Psychology 439
William B. Stiles
Introduction 440
How Theory-building Research Works 440
How to Do Theory-building Case Studies 445
Conclusion 451
Index 453
David Murphy PhD, CPsychol, AFBPsS, is a Person-Centered Experiential Psychotherapist with a particular interest in the field of trauma, and the Course Director for the Master's program in Person-Centered Counselling and Psychotherapy at the University of Nottingham, UK. He previously held the position of Honorary Psychologist in Psychotherapy and the Centre for Trauma, Resilience and Growth, Nottingham Healthcare NHS Trust.
