|  | Rangaiah, Gade Pandu / Kariwala, Vinay (Hrsg.)
Plantwide Control
Recent Developments and Applications
 2. Auflage Februar 2012
142,- Euro
2012. 494 Seiten, Hardcover
ISBN 978-0-470-98014-9 - John Wiley & Sons
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| Langtext
The use of control systems is necessary for safe and optimal operation of industrial processes in the presence of inevitable disturbances and uncertainties. Plant-wide control (PWC) involves the systems and strategies required to control an entire chemical plant consisting of many interacting unit operations. Over the past 30 years, many tools and methodologies have been developed to accommodate increasingly larger and more complex plants.
This book provides a state-of-the-art of techniques for the design and evaluation of PWC systems. Various applications taken from chemical, petrochemical, biofuels and mineral processing industries are used to illustrate the use of these approaches. This book contains 20 chapters organized in the following sections:
* Overview and Industrial Perspective
* Tools and Heuristics
* Methodologies
* Applications
* Emerging Topics
With contributions from the leading researchers and industrial practitioners on PWC design, this book is key reading for researchers, postgraduate students, and process control engineers interested in PWC.
Aus dem Inhalt
Preface
Section I: Overview and Perspective
1 Introduction
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Plant-Wide Control 2
1.3 Scope and Organization of the Book 4
References 10
2 Industrial Perspective on Plant-Wide Control
2.1 Introduction 1
2.2 Design Environment 3
2.3 Disturbances and Measurement System Design 6
2.4 Academic Contributions 8
2.5 Conclusions 11
References 12
Section II: Tools and Heuristics
3 Control Degrees of Freedom Analysis for Plant-Wide Control of Industrial Processes
3.1 Introduction 2
3.2 Control Degrees of Freedom (CDOF) 4
3.3 Computation Methods for Control Degrees of Freedom (CDOF): A Review 7
3.4 Computation of CDOF Using Flowsheet-Oriented Method 14
3.5 Application of Flowsheet-Oriented Method to Distillation Columns and the Concept of Redundant Process Variables 19
3.6 Application of Flowsheet-Oriented Method to Compute CDOF to Complex Integrated Processes 22
3.7 Conclusions 23
References 24
4 Selection of Controlled Variables Using Self-Optimizing Control Method
4.1 Introduction 2
4.2 General Principle 4
4.3 Brute-Force Optimization Approach for CV Selection 8
4.4 Local Methods 11
4.5 Branch and Bound Methods 21
4.6 Constraint Handling 23
4.7 Case Study: Forced Circulation Evaporator 26
4.8 Conclusions and Discussion 32
4.9 Acknowledgements 34
References 34
5 Input-Output Pairing Selection for Design of Decentralized Controller
5.1 Introduction 2
5.2 Relative Gain Array and Variants 5
Steady-State RGA 6
5.3 μ-Interaction Measure 15
5.4 Pairing Analysis Based on the Controllability and Observability 17
Input-Output Pairing for Uncertain Multivariable Plants 21
RGA in the Presence of Statistical Uncertainty 22
RGA in the Presence of Norm-Bounded Uncertainties 23
DIOPM and the Effect of Uncertainty 26
Input-Output Pairing for Nonlinear Multivariable Plants 28
5.7 Conclusions and Discussion 31
References 33
6 Heuristics for Plantwide Control
6.1 Introduction 2
6.2 Basics of Heuristic Plantwide Control 4
6.3 Application to HDA Process 18
6.4 Conclusion 21
7 Throughput Manipulator Location Selection for Economic Plantwide Control
7.1 Introduction 2
7.2 Throughput Manipulation, Inventory Regulation and Plantwide Variability Propagation 3
7.3 Quantitative Case Studies 6
7.4 Discussion 19
7.5 Conclusions 23
7.6 Acknowledgments 23
7.7 Supplementary Information 23
References 24
8 Influence of Process Variability Propagation in Plant-Wide Control
8.1 Introduction 2
8.2 Theoretical Background 5
8.3 Local Unit Operation Control 12
8.4 Inventory Control 15
Plant-Wide Control Examples 21
8.6 Conclusion 25
References 27
Section III: Methodologies
9 A Review of Plant-Wide Control Methodologies and Applications
9.1 Introduction 1
9.2 Review and Approach-Based Classification of PWC Methodologies 3
9.3 Structure-Based Classification of PWC Methodologies 12
9.4 Processes Studied in PWC Applications 14
9.5 Comparative Studies on Different Methodologies 16
9.6 Concluding Remarks 18
References 20
10 Integrated Framework of Simulation and Heuristics for Plant-Wide Control System Design
10.1 Introduction 1
10.2 HDA Process: Overview and Simulation 2
10.3 Integrated Framework Procedure and Application to HDA Plant 5
10.4 Evaluation of the Control System 17
10.5 Conclusions 18
References 20
11 Economic Plantwide Control
Introduction 1
Control Layers and Time Scale Separation 3
Plantwide Control Procedure 7
Degrees of Freedom for Operation 9
11.5 Skogestad's Plantwide Control Procedure 12
Top-Down Part 12
Discussion 29
Conclusion 30
REFERENCES 30
12 Performance Assessment of Plant-Wide Control Systems
12.1 Introduction 2
12.2 Desirable Qualities of a Good Performance Measure 4
12.3 Performance Measure Based on Steady State: Steady-State Operating Cost/Profit 5
12.4 Performance Measures Based on Dynamics 6
12.5 Application of the Performance Measures to the HDA Plant Control Structure 11
12.6 Application of the Performance Measures for Comparing PWC Systems 15
12.7 Discussion and Recommendations 17
12.8 Concluding Remarks 21
References 21
Section IV: Applications Studies
13 Design and Control of a Cooled Ammonia Reactor
13.1 Introduction 2
13.2 Cold-Shot Process 4
13.3 Cooled-Reactor Process 7
13.4 Control 13
13.5 Conclusion 16
13.6 Acknowledgement 16
References 16
14 Design and Plant-Wide Control of a Biodiesel Plant
14.1 Introduction 1
14.2 Steady-State Plant Design and Simulation 4
14.3 Optimization of Plant Operation 10
14.4 Application of IFSH to Biodiesel Plant 12
14.5 Validation of the Plant-Wide Control Structure 18
14.6 Conclusions 20
References 20
15 Plant-Wide Control of a Reactive Distillation Process
15.1 Introduction 2
15.2 Design of Ethyl Acetate Reactive-Distillation Process 3
15.3 Control Structure Development of the Two Catalyst Systems 8
Closed-Loop Simulation Results 13
15.4 Conclusions 17
References 17
16 Control System Design of a Crystallizer Train for Para-Xylene Recovery
16.1 Introduction 3
16.1 Process 5
16.2 Description 5
16.3 Process Model 8
16.4 Control System Design 14
16.5 Conclusions 26
16.6 5.A Linear Steady State Model and Constraints 27
References 29
17 Modeling and Control of Industrial Off-Gas Systems
17.1 Introduction 3
17.2 Process Description 5
Off-Gas System Model Development 7
17.4 Control of Smelter Off-Gas Systems 14
17.5 Conclusion 28
Notation 29
Subscripts 32
References 33
Section V: Emerging Topics
18 Plant-Wide Control via a Network of Autonomous Controllers
18.1 Introduction 2
18.2 Process and Controller Networks 7
Plant-Wide Stability Analysis Based on Dissipativity 13
18.4 Controller Network Design 18
Plant-Wide Connective Stability 25
18.5 Case Study 31
18.6 Discussions and Conclusion 35
References 40
19 Co-Ordinated, Distributed Plant-Wide Control
19.1 Introduction 2
Co-Ordination Based Plant-Wide Control 8
Price-Driven Co-Ordination Procedure: 14
19.3 Case Studies 25
Plant-Wide Coordination and Performance Comparison 27
Plant-Wide Co-Ordination and Performance 32
19.4 The Future 34
References 38
20 Determination of Plant-Wide Control Loop Configuration and Eco-Efficiency
20.1 Introduction 1
20.2 Relative Gain Array (RGA) and Relative Exergy Gain Array (REA) 4
20.3 Exergy Calculation Procedure 10
20.4 Case Study 13
20.5 Summary 19
References
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