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Contents  
Preface V
 
List of Contributors XXIII
1 The Interfacial Chemistry of Adhesion: Novel Routes to the Holy Grail?
J.F. Watts 		1
Abstract 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Development of a Model Interphase 3
1.3 The Buried Interface 8
1.4 Conclusion 15
Acknowledgments 15
References 15
2 Modeling Fundamental Aspects of the Surface Chemistry of Oxides and their Interactions with Coupling Agents
P. Schiffels, M. Amkreutz, A.T. Blumenau, T. Krüger, B. Schneider, T. Frauenheim, and O.-D. Hennemann 		17
Abstract 17
2.1 Introduction: Atomistic Simulations in Adhesion 17
2.2 Prediction of Surface Properties: Ideal Reconstructions on -SiO2 (0001) 19
2.3 Organic Components of the Adhesive and Substrate-Adhesive Interaction 23
2.4 Conclusion and Outlook 29
References 30
3 Adhesion at the Nanoscale: an Approach by AFM
M. Brogly, O. Noel, G. Castelein, and J. Schultz 		33
Abstract 33
3.1 Introduction 34
3.2 Materials and Methods 34
3.2.1 Preparation of Oxidized Silica Surface 35
3.2.2 Grafting of Functionalized SAMs onto Silicon Wafer 35
3.2.3 Crosslinking and Functionalization of PDMS Networks 35
3.2.4 Characterization of the SAMs 36
3.3 Results and Discussion 37
3.3.1 Force--Distance Curve Measurements and AFM Calibration 37
3.3.1.1 Force--Distance Curve Features 37
3.3.1.2 The DD Curve (Contact Mode) 37
3.3.1.3 AFM Calibration 38
3.3.1.3.1 Determination of the Spring Constant of the Cantilever 38
3.3.1.3.2 Nonlinearity of the Quadrant of Photodiodes 38
3.3.1.3.3 Scan Rate of the Cantilever 38
3.3.1.3.4 Systematic Check 39
3.3.2 Force--Distance Curves on Rigid Systems of Controlled Surface Chemistry 39
3.3.3 Force--Distance Measurements on Polymers 40
3.3.3.1 Force--Indentation Measurements on Polymers 40
3.3.3.2 Force--Indentation Curves on Systems of Controlled Surface Chemistry and Controlled Mechanical Properties 42
3.4 Conclusion 45
References 45
4 Organization of PCL-b-PMMA Diblock Thin Films: Relationship to the Adsorption Substrate Chemistry
T. Elzein, M. Brogly, and J. Schultz 		47
Abstract 47
4.1 Introduction 47
4.2 Materials and Methods 48
4.2.1 PCL-b-PMMA Diblocks 48
4.2.2 Infrared Spectroscopy 49
4.2.2.1 Transmission 49
4.2.2.2 Polarization-Modulation Infrared Reflection--Absorption Spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) 49
4.2.3 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) 50
4.3 Results and Discussion 50
4.3.1 PCL-b-PMMA Bulk Characterization 50
4.3.2 PCL-b-PMMA Thin Films on OH-Functionalized Gold Substrates 51
4.3.3 PCL-b-PMMA Thin Films on Gold Substrates 55
4.4 Conclusion 56
References 57
5 Adhesion and Friction Properties of Elastomers at Macroscopic and Nanoscopic Scales
S. Bistac and A. Galliano 		59
Abstract 59
5.1 Introduction 59
5.2 Materials and Methods 60
5.3 Results and Discussion 62
5.3.1 Adherence Energy 62
5.3.2 Macroscale Friction 64
5.3.3 Nanoscale Friction and Adhesion 65
5.4 Conclusion 68
References 69
6 Chemical Structure Formation and Morphology in Ultrathin Polyurethane Films on Metals
C. Wehlack and W. Possart 		71
Abstract 71
6.1 Introduction 71
6.2 Materials and Methods 72
6.2.1 Sample Preparation 72
6.2.2 Experimental Characterization 74
6.2.3 IR Spectra Calculation 74
6.2.4 IR Band Assignment 75
6.3 Results and Discussion 76
6.3.1 Curing at Room Temperature 76
6.3.2 Morphology of Thin Films 79
6.3.3 Chemical Structure of Cured Films 80
6.4 Conclusion 85
Acknowledgments 86
References 87
7 Properties of the Interphase Epoxy--Amine/Metal: Influences from the Nature of the Amine and the Metal
M. Aufray and A.A. Roche 		89
Abstract 89
7.1 Introduction 89
7.2 Materials and Methods 90
7.2.1 Materials 90
7.2.2 Thermal Analysis (DSC) 91
7.2.3 Micro-Infrared Spectroscopy (-FTIR) 91
7.2.4 Fourier Transform Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-NIR) 92
7.2.5 Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy (ICP) 92
7.2.6 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) 92
7.2.7 Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM) Coupled with a Hot Stage Apparatus 92
7.3 Results and Discussion 93
7.3.1 Interphase Formation Mechanisms 93
7.3.2 Formation of New Networks 94
7.3.3 Crystallization of ´´Modified´´ IPDA 94
7.3.4 Modification of Mechanical Properties 95
7.3.5 Comparison of Coatings and Metal--Bulk Interphases 97
7.3.6 Influence of the Stoichiometric Ratio 100
7.4 Conclusion 101
Acknowledgments 102
References 102
8 Mapping Epoxy Interphases
M. Munz, J. Chung, and G. Kalinka 		103
Abstract 103
8.1 Introduction 104
8.2 Stiffness Mapping by Indentation Techniques 106
8.2.1 SFM-Based Stiffness Mapping in Force Modulation Microscopy (FMM) Mode 106
8.2.2 Depth-Sensing Micro-indentation (DSI) 108
8.3 Some Fundamental Aspects of Interphase Mapping by Indentation Techniques 110
8.3.1 Artifacts Induced by Topography 110
8.3.2 Artifacts Induced by the Extent of the Stress Field Beneath the Indenter 114
8.4 Two Cases of Mapped Epoxy Interphases 116
8.4.1 The Cu/Epoxy Interphase 116
8.4.2 The PVP/Epoxy Interphase 118
8.5 Conclusion 121
Acknowledgments 122
References 122
9 Mechanical Interphases in Epoxies as seen by Nondestructive High-Performance Brillouin Microscopy
J.K. Krger, U. Mller, R. Bactavatchalou, D. Liebschner, M. Sander, W. Possart, C. Wehlack, J. Baller, and D. Rouxel 		125
Abstract 125
9.1 Introduction 125
9.2 Brillouin Spectroscopy on Thermal Phonons and Other Elementary Excitations 126
9.2.1 An Introduction to the Physics of Classical Brillouin Spectroscopy 126
9.2.2 The Kinematic View of Brillouin Spectroscopy 129
9.2.3 Scattering Geometries and Other Pitfalls 129
9.2.4 Brillouin Microscopy 132
9.3 Mechanical Interphases at Polymer--Substrate Interfaces 134
9.3.1 The Polymer Model System 134
9.3.2 Epoxy/Silicone Rubber Interphase 134
9.3.3 Epoxy/Metal Interphases 136
9.3.3.1 Technical Bulk Metals: Cu, Al 137
9.3.3.2 Thin Evaporated Metal Substrates: Al, Cu, Au, Mg 138
9.3.3.3 Discussion 141
9.4 Conclusion 142
Acknowledgments 142
References 142
10 Structure Formation in Barnacle Adhesive
M. Wiegemann 		143
Abstract 143
10.1 Introduction 143
10.2 Barnacles 144
10.2.1 General Aspects of Barnacle Settlement 144
10.2.2 Biochemical Characterization of Barnacle Cement 145
10.2.3 Substrate-Specific Formation of Barnacle Adhesive 146
10.2.4 Substrate-Specific Morphology of Barnacle Base 147
10.2.5 Phenomenological Approach to Adhesive Structure Formation and Morphology Changes 148
10.3 Homologous (?) Structure Formation of Biological Adherates on Hydrophobic Surfaces 150
10.4 Theoretical Colloid Approach to Structure Formation in Barnacle Adhesive 152
10.5 Conclusions 154
Acknowledgments 154
References 154
11 Adhesion Molecule-Modified Cardiovascular Prostheses: Characterization of Cellular Adhesion in a Cell Culture Model and by Cellular Force Spectroscopy
U. Bakowsky, C. Ehrhardt, C. Loehbach, P. Li, C. Kneuer, D. Jahn, D. Hoekstra, and C.-M. Lehr 		157
Abstract 157
11.1 Introduction 158
11.2 Materials and Methods 160
11.2.1 Chemicals for the Modification 160
11.2.2 Implant Materials 160
11.2.3 Modification of the PTFE Surface 160
11.2.4 Scanning Force Microscopy 162
11.2.5 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy 163
11.2.6 Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy 163
11.2.7 Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) 163
11.2.8 Isolation and Culture of HUVECs 164
11.2.9 Endothelialization of PTFE Films 164
11.3 Results and Discussion 165
11.3.1 Wet-Chemical Modification of PTFE Polymer Film 165
11.3.2 Cell Adhesion Experiments 166
11.3.2.1 Adhesion and Cultivation in Static Culture 166
11.3.2.2 Perfusion Experiments 166
11.3.3 Cell Adhesion Force Measurements 167
11.4 Conclusion 169
Acknowledgments 170
References 171
12 Surface Engineering by Coating of Hydrophilic Layers: Bioadhesion and Biocontamination
G. Legeay and F. Poncin-Epaillard 		175
Abstract 175
12.1 Introduction 175
12.1.1 The Need for Bioadhesion of Biomaterials 175
12.1.2 Mechanism of Bioadhesion 176
12.2 Surface Engineering 177
12.2.1 Surface Preparation 177
12.2.2 Surface Sterilization 178
12.3 Results and Discussion 178
12.3.1 Hydrophobic Cold Plasma Treated Surfaces in Ophthalmology 178
12.3.2 Hydrophilic Cold Plasma Treated Surfaces Based on Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or Natural Derivative Coatings 179
12.3.2.1 Grafting of Monomer onto Plasma-Pretreated Surfaces 180
12.3.2.2 Coating with Commercial Native or Synthetic Polymers 181
12.3.3 Examples 183
12.3.3.1 With Different Biomolecules, i.e., Proteins 184
12.3.3.2 Implantation (ex in vivo) 184
12.3.3.3 In vivo Implantation 185
12.4 Conclusion 186
References 187
13 New Resins and Nanosystems for High-Performance Adhesives
R. Mülhaupt 		189
Abstract 189
13.1 Introduction 190
13.2 Tailor-Made Polymers and Properties on Demand 190
13.2.1 Controlled Polymerization and Catalysis 191
13.2.2 Functional Polymers from the Life Sciences 192
13.2.3 Reactive Extrusion and Isocyanate-Free Polyurethane Chemistry 193
13.3 Nanosystems 194
13.3.1 The Nano Challenge 194
13.3.2 Nanophase Separation 196
13.3.3 Nanomolecules as Molecular Nanoparticles 198
13.3.4 POSS and Nanocomposites 200
13.4 Conclusion 201
Acknowledgments 202
References 202
14 Influence of Proton Donors on the Cationic Polymerization of Epoxides
A. Hartwig, K. Koschek, and A. Lühring 		205
Abstract 205
14.1 Introduction 206
14.2 Initiators for the Cationic Polymerization of Epoxides 207
14.3 Influence of Moisture on the Polymerization Kinetics 209
14.4 Modification of the Polymerization Behavior by the Addition of Alcohols 212
14.5 Conclusion 215
Acknowledgments 215
References 215
15 Novel Adhesion Promoters Based on Hyperbranched Polymers
A. Buchman, H. Dodiuk-Kenig, T. Brand, Z. Gold, and S. Kenig 		217
Abstract 217
15.1 Introduction 218
15.2 Experimental 219
15.2.1 Bulk Hyperbranch Incorporation 219
15.2.2 HB Polymers as Adhesion Promoters 220
15.3 Results and Discussion 221
15.4 Conclusion 227
References 228
16 Rheology of Hot-Melt PSAs: Influence of Polymer Structure
C. Derail and G. Marin 		229
Abstract 229
16.1 Introduction 229
16.2 Main Features of the Viscoelastic Behavior of the Pure Components, Blends, and Full Adhesive Formulations 231
16.2.1 Rheological Experiments 231
16.2.2 Rheological Behavior of the Pure Components: [SI], [SIS], and Pure Blends 231
16.2.3 Rheological Behavior of the Full Adhesive Formulations 233
16.3 A Model of the Rheological Behavior 236
16.3.1 A Model for the Pure Copolymers 236
16.3.2 A Model for the Blends [SIS--SI] 239
16.3.3 A Model for the Full Adhesive Formulations [SIS--SI--Resin] 239
16.4 Discussion 240
16.4.1 Molecular Design 240
16.4.2 On the Variation of the Secondary Elastic Plateau Modulus 241
16.5 Conclusions 245
Acknowledgments 247
References 247
17 Preparation and Characterization of UV-Crosslinkable Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives
H.-S. Do, S.-E. Kim, and H.-J. Kim 		249
Abstract 249
17.1 Introduction 249
17.2 Materials and Methods 252
17.2.1 Preparation of UV-Crosslinkable Acrylic PSA 252
17.2.2 Preparation of PSA Samples and UV Curing 253
17.2.3 FTIR-ATR Spectroscopy 253
17.2.4 DSC Measurement 254
17.2.5 PSA Performance 254
17.3 Results and Discussion 254
17.3.1 FTIR-ATR Measurements 254
17.3.2 PSA Performance 258
17.3.2.1 Probe Tack 258
17.3.2.2 Peel Strength 260
17.3.2.3 Shear Adhesion Failure Temperature (SAFT) 261
17.4 Conclusions 263
References 263
18 Contribution of Chemical Interactions to the Adhesion Between Evaporated Metals and Functional Groups of Different Types at Polymer Surfaces
J. Friedrich, R. Mix, and G. Kühn 		265
Abstract 265
18.1 Introduction 266
18.1.1 Interactions Between Metal Atoms and Functional Groups at Polymer Surfaces 266
18.1.2 Preparation of the Plasma-Modified Polymer Surfaces 267
18.1.3 Interactions Between Evaporated Al and Functional Groups 269
18.1.4 Adhesive Bond Strength and Concentration of Functional Groups 269
18.2 Materials and Methods 270
18.2.1 Materials 270
18.2.2 Plasma Pretreatment of Polymers 271
18.2.3 Deposition of Adhesion-Promoting Plasma Polymer Layers 271
18.2.4 Surface Analysis 271
18.2.5 Labeling of Functional Groups 272
18.2.6 Contact Angle Measurements 272
18.2.7 Metal Deposition 272
18.2.8 Peel Strength Measurements 273
18.3 Results 273
18.3.1 Production of Polymer Surfaces Containing Functional Groups 273
18.3.2 Surface Free Energy Measurements 275
18.3.3 Peel Strength Measurements of Al-Plasma Modified PP Systems 276
18.3.4 Peel Strength of Al--Plasma-Produced Homopolymer--PP Systems 277
18.3.5 Peel Strength of Al--Plasma Copolymer--PP Systems 277
18.3.6 Plasma Pretreatment of PTFE Surfaces 279
18.3.7 Peel Strength Measurements of Al--PTFE Systems 281
18.3.7.1 Hydrogen Plasma Pretreatment of PTFE 281
18.3.7.2 Hydrogen Plasma Pretreatment of PTFE and Deposition of Plasma Polymer Layers 281
18.4 Discussion 282
18.4.1 Contribution of Chemical Bonds to the Resulting Adhesion Strength 282
18.4.2 Dependence of Adhesion Strength on Concentration of Functional Groups at the Polymer S 284
18.5 Conclusion 285
References 286
19 Alkene Pulsed Plasma Functionalized Surfaces: An Interfacial Diels-Alder Reaction Study
F. Siffer, J. Schultz, and V. Roucoules 		289
Abstract 289
19.1 Introduction 289
19.2 Materials and Methods 290
19.3 Results and Discussion 292
19.3.1 Interfacial Chemistry 292
19.3.2 Cycloaddition 294
19.3.3 Kinetics 295
19.3.3.1 Monolayers 295
19.3.3.2 Plasma Polymer Thin Films 298
19.3.3.3 Comparison of Surface Reaction in Monolayers and Plasma Polymer Thin Films 299
19.4 Conclusion 302
References 303
20 Laser Surface Treatment of Composite Materials to Enhance Adhesion Properties
Q. Bénard, M. Fois, M. Grisel, and P. Laurens 		305
20.1 Introduction 305
20.1.1 Why Treat a Composite Surface? 305
20.1.2 Available Treatments for Composite Surfaces 305
20.2 Materials and Methods 307
20.2.1 Composite Materials 307
20.2.2 Surface Analyses 307
20.2.3 Single Lap Shear Tests 308
20.3 Results and Discussion 308
20.3.1 Why Excimer Laser Treatment? 308
20.3.2 Excimer Laser Surface Treatment 310
20.3.2.1 Surface Characterization 310
20.3.2.2 Mechanical Tests 312
20.4 Conclusion 317
References 318
21 Effects of the Interphase on the Mechanical Behavior of Thin Adhesive Films -- a Modeling Approach
S. Diebels, H. Steeb, and W. Possart 		319
Abstract 319
21.1 Introduction 319
21.2 Theoretical Framework 322
21.3 Applications and Examples 325
21.3.1 Uniaxial Tension Test 326
21.3.2 Simple Shear Test 330
21.4 Conclusion 330
References 333
22 Effect of the Diblock Content on the Adhesive and Deformation Properties of PSAs Based on Styrenic Block Copolymers
C. Creton, A. Roos, and A. Chiche 		337
22.1 Introduction 337
22.2 Block Copolymer Based Adhesives 339
22.3 Effect of the Diblock Content on Adhesive and Deformation Properties 348
22.4 Understanding the Structure of the Extended Foam 350
22.5 Interfacial Fracture 356
22.6 Summary 360
Acknowledgments 361
References 361
23 Contact Mechanics and Interfacial Fatigue Studies Between Thin Semicrystalline and Glassy Polymer Films
R.L. McSwain, A.R. Markowitz, and K.R. Shull 		365
Abstract 365
23.1 Introduction 365
23.2 Materials and Methods 369
23.2.1 Materials and Sample Preparation 369
23.2.2 Pull-Off Test 371
23.2.3 Cyclic Interfacial Fatigue Test 374
23.3 Results 374
23.4 Discussion 381
23.4.1 Wetting Behavior and PEO/TMPC Miscibility 381
23.4.2 PEO/TMPC Interfacial Width and Adhesion 382
23.4.3 PDMS Rupture 384
23.5 Conclusion 385
Acknowledgments 385
References 385
24 Local and Global Aspects of Adhesion Phenomena in Soft Polymers
M.-F.Vallat 		387
Abstract 387
24.1 Introduction 387
24.2 The Molecular Interphase 388
24.2.1 Autohesion of Polyisoprene 389
24.2.2 Autoadhesion of EPDM 393
24.3 Macroscopic Interphases 395
24.3.1 Vulcanized Elastomers 395
24.3.2 Polyurethane Joints 398
24.4 Conclusion 400
References 401
25 Calibration and Evaluation of Nonlinear Ultrasonic Transmission Measurements of Thin-Bonded Interfaces
S. Hirsekorn, A. Koka, S. Kurzenhäuser, and W. Arnold 		403
Abstract 403
25.1 Introduction 403
25.2 Experimental and Calibration Procedure 404
25.3 Calibrated Ultrasonic Transmission Measurements 406
25.4 Ultrasonic Measurement and Destructive Tests 410
25.5 Conclusion 418
Acknowledgments 418
References 419
26 Debonding of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives: A Combined Tack and Ultra-Small Angle X-Ray Scattering Study
E. Maurer, S. Loi, and P. Müller-Buschbaum 		421
Abstract 421
26.1 Introduction 421
26.2 In-Situ Small Angle Scattering Using Synchrotron Radiation 423
26.3 Microscopically Inaccessible Substructures 426
26.4 Conclusion 432
Acknowledgments 433
References 433
27 Nondestructive Testing of Adhesive Curing in Glass--Metal Compounds by Unilateral NMR
K. Kremer, B. Blümich, F.-P. Schmitz, and J. Seitzer 		435
Abstract 435
27.1 Introduction 436
27.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and the NMR-MOUSE 436
27.3 Quality Control 437
27.4 Application 438
27.5 Conclusion and Outlook 442
Acknowledgments 442
References 443
28 Chemical Processes During Aging in Ultra-thin Epoxy Films on Metals
A. Meiser, C.Wehlack, and W. Possart 		445
Abstract 445
28.1 Introduction 445
28.2 Experimental 447
28.2.1 Sample Preparation 447
28.2.2 Aging Conditions 447
28.3 Results and Discussion 448
28.3.1 Crosslinking 448
28.3.2 Additional Aging Effects 451
28.3.3 Band Assignment and Chemical Aging Processes 458
28.4 Conclusion 462
Acknowledgments 463
References 463
29 Depth-Resolved Analysis of the Aging Behavior of Epoxy Thin Films by Positron Spectroscopy
J. Kanzow, F. Faupel, W. Egger, P. Sperr, G. Kögel, C. Wehlack, A. Meiser, and W. Possart 		465
Abstract 465
29.1 Introduction 465
29.2 Materials and Methods 466
29.3 Results 467
29.3.1 PALS Investigation of an Unaged Epoxy Film 468
29.3.2 PALS Investigation of Aged Epoxy Films 469
29.3.3 Further Investigations of Aged Epoxy Films 471
29.4 Discussion and Conclusion 474
Acknowledgments 476
References 476
30 Epoxies on Stainless Steel -- Curing and Aging
D. Fata, C. Bockenheimer, and W. Possart 		479
Abstract 479
30.1 Introduction 480
30.2 Materials and Methods 481
30.2.1 Materials 481
30.2.2 Sample Preparation 482
30.2.3 Aging Experiments 482
30.2.4 Characterization of Aged Specimens 483
30.3 Results and Discussion 484
30.3.1 The RT Curing Epoxy System (EP1) 484
30.3.1.1 Curing of EP1 484
30.3.1.2 Thermal Aging of EP1 after Post-Curing at 40C 487
30.3.1.3 Hydro-thermal Aging of EP1 492
30.3.2 The Hot-Curing Epoxy System (EP2) 495
30.3.2.1 Curing of EP2 495
30.3.2.2 Thermal Aging of EP2 498
30.3.2.3 Hydro-thermal Aging of EP2 500
30.4 Conclusion 503
Acknowledgment 505
References 505
31 Scanning Kelvin Probe Studies of Ion Transport and De-adhesion Processes at Polymer/Metal Interfaces
K. Wapner and G. Grundmeier 		507
Abstract 507
31.1 Introduction 508
31.2 Theory and Experimental Set-Up of a Scanning Kelvin Probe 509
31.3 Applications of Scanning Kelvin Probe Studies in Adhesion Science 514
31.3.1 Diffusion of Ions into Metal/Adhesive Interfaces 514
31.3.2 Corrosive Degradation of the Polymer/Metal Interface 516
31.3.2.1 Cathodic Delamination on Adhesive-Coated Iron 516
31.3.2.2 Anodic Delamination (Filiform Corrosion) on Coated Aluminum 518
31.3.3 Detection of Wet Debonding 520
31.3.4 A New Scanning Kelvin Probe Blister Test 521
Acknowledgment 523
References 523
32 Advanced Mass Transport Applications with Elastic Bonding of Sandwich Components
S. Koch, A. Starlinger, and X. Wang 		525
Abstract 525
32.1 Introduction 525
32.2 Stress Distribution in Different Joints 526
32.2.1 Stress Distribution in Bolted Joints 527
32.2.2 Stress Distribution in a Stiff Adhesive Joint 528
32.2.3 Stress Distribution in an Elastic Adhesive Joint 529
32.3 Applications of Flexible Adhesives in Mass Transportation Systems 529
32.3.1 GRP Front Cab 530
32.3.2 Application in Tram Design 530
32.4 Methods of Modeling Flexible Adhesives 531
32.4.1 Modeling Methods for Detailed Local Analysis 532
32.4.2 Modeling Methods for Large Global Structural Analysis 533
32.4.3 Comparison of the TR08 Results from FE Analysis and from Measurement on Lathen Test Track 534
32.5 Joint Design, Production, and Testing 535
32.5.1 Production of Adhesive Joints 536
32.5.2 Joint Testing 536
32.6 Conclusion 537
References 537
33 Adhesive Joints for Modular Components in Railway Applications
C. Nagel, M. Brede, M. Calomfirescu, J. Sauer, E.A. Ullrich, T. Fertig, and O.-D. Hennemann 		539
Abstract 539
33.1 Introduction 539
33.2 Adhesives and Adherends 540
33.3 Surface Pretreatment 541
33.4 Mechanical Behavior of Adhesives and Joints 542
33.4.1 Elastic--Plastic Properties of Structural Adhesive Systems 543
33.4.2 Hyperelastic Properties of Flexible Adhesive Systems 544
33.4.3 Creep Behavior of Adhesive Joints 545
33.4.4 Fatigue Properties of Adhesive Joints 547
33.5 Environmental Influences and Design of Structures 550
33.6 Conclusion 553
Acknowledgment 553
References 554
34 Behavior of Dismantlable Adhesives Including Thermally Expansive Microcapsules
Y. Nishiyama and C. Sato 		555
Abstract 555
34.1 Introduction 555
34.2 Materials and Methods 557
34.2.1 Materials 557
34.2.2 Volume Expansion of the Cured Bulk Adhesive 558
34.2.3 Dismantlability of Joints Bonded with the Dismantlable Adhesive 559
34.2.4 Bond Strength of the Dismantlable Adhesive 559
34.2.5 PVT (Pressure--Volume--Temperature) Tests 560
34.3 Results and Discussion 561
34.3.1 Volume Expansion of the Cured Bulk Adhesive 561
34.3.2 Dismantlability of Joints Bonded with the Dismantlable Adhesive 562
34.3.3 Bond Strength of the Dismantlable Adhesive 564
34.3.4 PVT Relationship of Microcapsules and Dismantlable Adhesive 565
34.3.5 Discussion 567
34.5 Conclusion 567
References 568
Subject Index 569

 
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