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Talking about carbon, one automatically thinks of carbon nanotubes and fullerenes. But there is much more to this broad subject area. Advances in graphene research, templating methods, and the emergence of nanodiamonds make this field a rich area of research.
The variety of recent breakthroughs indicates that carbon, in all its variations, is the material of the early 21st century. The 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to A. Geim and K. S. Novoselov for their work on graphene. Don't miss the hottest results and newest trends—you'll find the latest carbon research articles on this page.
Rongji Liu, Shiwen Li, Xuelian Yu, Guangjin Zhang, Suojiang Zhang, Jiannian Yao, Bineta Keita, Louis Nadjo, Linjie Zhi
Facile Synthesis of Au-Nanoparticle/Polyoxometalate/Graphene Tricomponent Nanohybrids: An Enzyme-Free Electrochemical Biosensor for Hydrogen Peroxide [Full Paper]
Well-defined Au-nanoparticle/polyoxometalate/graphene tricomponent nanohybrids are synthesized by a green, facile, one-pot method. The promising application of enzyme-free biosensor for H2O2 is selected as a preliminary test of the electrocatalytic behaviors of the prepared nanohybrids. Encouragingly, such a nanohybrid offers a remarkably improved sensitivity, selectivity, and stability for H2O2 detection.
Minghui Liang, Jie Wang, Bin Luo, Tengfei Qiu, Linjie Zhi
High-Efficiency and Room-Temperature Reduction of Graphene Oxide: A Facile Green Approach Towards Flexible Graphene Films [Communication]
A novel, green, and highly efficient strategy for room-temperature reduction of solid-state graphene oxide films has been successfully developed using hydrogen-involved reduction with the assistance of a small amount of Pd catalyst. Based on this approach, flexible reduced graphene oxide films with high conductivity can be achieved and a roll-to-roll technique is expected .
Shuping Pang, Shubin Yang, Xinliang Feng, Klaus Müllen
Coplanar Asymmetrical Reduced Graphene Oxide–Titanium Electrodes for Polymer Photodetectors [Communication]
Narrow gaps and a “built-in” potential originating from the different work functions of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and titanium electrodes are used to explain the improved photosensitivity of the poly(3-hexylthiophene) photodetectors with asymmetrical RGO-Ti electrodes presented here (see figure) compared to those based on symmetrical electrodes. Easy processing, high photosensitivity, high on/off ratio, and low energy consumption contribute to the promising potential of coplanar asymmetrical electrodes in the field of photoelectric devices.
Jonathan K. Wassei, Matthew Mecklenburg, Jaime A. Torres, Jesse D. Fowler, B. C. Regan, Richard B. Kaner, Bruce H. Weiller
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Graphene on Copper from Methane, Ethane and Propane: Evidence for Bilayer Selectivity [Full Paper]
To study the effects of hydrocarbon precursor gases, graphene is grown using chemical vapor deposition from methane, ethane, and propane on copper foils. The larger molecules are found to more readily produce multilayer graphene, owing to a higher carbon concentration and different decomposition processes. Additionally, single- and bilayer graphene can be grown with good selectivity in a simple, one-step process by varying the pressure of ethane.
Xiao-Rong Li, Fen-Ying Kong, Jing Liu, Tong-Ming Liang, Jing-Juan Xu, Hong-Yuan Chen
Synthesis of Potassium-Modified Graphene and Its Application in Nitrite-Selective Sensing [Full Paper]
A facile and mild strategy to synthesize K-modified graphene using the room-temperature chemical modification of K in the graphene is demonstrated. The as-prepared K-modified graphene used as an advanced electrode material exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of NO2− and is successfully applied in the determination of NO2− in vitro and from cancer cells.
Adv. Funct. Mater., February 20, 2012, DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201103025
Henry Medina, Yung-Chang Lin, Chuanhong Jin, Chun-Chieh Lu, Chao-Hui Yeh, Kun-Ping Huang, Kazu Suenaga, John Robertson, Po-Wen Chiu
Metal-Free Growth of Nanographene on Silicon Oxides for Transparent Conducting Applications [Full Paper]
Direct deposition of nanographene on oxides is achieved using an electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition (ECR-CVD) method. Wet etching and transfer are thus unnecessary, leaving the nanographene films free from metal impurities or polymer contamination. Spectroscopic analysis shows that a SiC layer appears at the interface between nanographene and SiO2, highlighting the importance of carbide in the growth of graphene using oxides as catalysts.
Adv. Funct. Mater., February 17, 2012, DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201102423
Yifeng Fu, Björn Carlberg, Niklas Lindahl, Niclas Lindvall, Johan Bielecki, Aleksandar Matic, Yuxin Song, Zhili Hu, Zonghe Lai, Lilei Ye, Jie Sun, Yahui Zhang, Yan Zhang, Johan Liu
Templated Growth of Covalently Bonded Three-Dimensional Carbon Nanotube Networks Originated from Graphene [Communication]
A template-assisted method that enables the growth of covalently bonded three-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) originating from graphene at a large scale is demonstrated. Atomic force microscopy-based mechanical tests show that the covalently bonded CNT structure can effectively distribute external loading throughout the network to improve the mechanical strength of the material.
Dahyun Oh, Xiangnan Dang, Hyunjung Yi, Mark A. Allen, Kang Xu, Yun Jung Lee, Angela M. Belcher
Graphene Sheets Stabilized on Genetically Engineered M13 Viral Templates as Conducting Frameworks for Hybrid Energy-Storage Materials [Communication]
Utilization of the material-specific peptide–substrate interactions of M13 virus broadens colloidal stability window of graphene. The homogeneous distribution of graphene is maintained in weak acids and increased ionic strengths by complexing with virus. This graphene/virus conducting template is utilized in the synthesis of energy-storage materials to increase the conductivity of the composite electrode. Successful formation of the hybrid biological template is demonstrated by the mineralization of bismuth oxyfluoride as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, with increased loading and improved electronic conductivity.
Jun Yang, Chungui Tian, Lei Wang, Taixing Tan, Jie Yin, Bo Wang, Honggang Fu
In Situ Reduction, Oxygen Etching, and Reduction Using Formic Acid: An Effective Strategy for Controllable Growth of Monodisperse Palladium Nanoparticles on Graphene [Full Paper]
Graphene-supported, monodisperse palladium nanoparticles (Pd/graphene) have been fabricated by a strategy combining in situ reduction, O2 etching, and reduction using formic acid without surfactants (see figure). The as-prepared Pd/graphene exhibits excellent catalytic performance towards electrocatalytic oxidation of formic acid.
ChemPlusChem, February 15, 2012, DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201100058
Abhilash Sasidharan, Leela S. Panchakarla, Aparna R. Sadanandan, Anusha Ashokan, Parwathy Chandran, Chundayil Madathil Girish, Deepthy Menon, Shantikumar V. Nair, C. N. R. Rao, Manzoor Koyakutty
Hemocompatibility and Macrophage Response of Pristine and Functionalized Graphene [Full Paper]
Surface functionalization reduces the toxicity of pristine graphene towards macrophage cells in vitro. Macrophages show relatively high intracellular uptake of functionalized, hydrophilic graphene compared to hydrophobic pristine graphene. The excellent compatibility of both types of graphene with human blood components is demonstrated.
Shirui Guo, Maziar Ghazinejad, Xiangdong Qin, Huaxing Sun, Wei Wang, Francisco Zaera, Mihrimah Ozkan, Cengiz S. Ozkan
Tuning Electron Transport in Graphene-Based Field-Effect Devices using Block Co-polymers [Full Paper]
By employing spatially controlled plasma-assisted CF4 doping, control of the Dirac point shift of a graphene-based field-effect transistor (GFET) covered with a polycrystalline PS-P4VP block co-polymer (BCP) [poly(styrene-b-4-vinylpyridine)] having a cylindrical morphology is possible. By changing the chemical component of the microdomain (P4VP) and the major domain (PS) with the CF4 plasma technique, the doping effect is demonstrated.
Jason D. Jones, Rakesh K. Shah, Guido F. Verbeck, Jose M. Perez
The Removal of Single Layers from Multi-layer Graphene by Low-Energy Electron Stimulation [Full Paper]
Po-Jung Jimmy Huang, Juewen Liu
DNA-Length-Dependent Fluorescence Signaling on Graphene Oxide Surface [Communication]
Fluorescence energy transfer to graphene oxide is studied using covalently linked DNA probes ranging from 4 to 70 base pairs. The characteristic distance and mechanism of energy transfer are reported.
In Young Kim, Jang Mee Lee, Tae Woo Kim, Hyo Na Kim, Hyoung-il Kim, Wonyong Choi, Seong-Ju Hwang
A Strong Electronic Coupling between Graphene Nanosheets and Layered Titanate Nanoplates: A Soft-Chemical Route to Highly Porous Nanocomposites with Improved Photocatalytic Activity [Full Paper]
Strongly coupled nanocomposites of layered titanate and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) are synthesized by self-assembly involving RGO nanosheets and TiO2 nanosols and the following phase transformation of titania. A strong electronic coupling between the two nanospecies remarkably enhances visible light absorption. The hybridization with RGO improves the photocatalytic activity of the layered titanate for the visible-induced generation of photocurrent and the photodegradation of organic molecules.
Ji-Wook Jang, Seungho Cho, Gun-hee Moon, Kyuwook Ihm, Jae Yul Kim, Duck Hyun Youn, SeungOk Lee, Young hye Lee, Wonyong Choi, Kun-Hong Lee, Jae Sung Lee
Photocatalytic Synthesis of Pure and Water-Dispersible Graphene Monosheets [Communication]
Highly pure monosheets of graphene dispersible in water without the help of stabilizers have been prepared by photocatalytic reduction of graphene oxide using UV light and TiO2. More than 90 % of the highly conductive graphene was recovered in a pure form in solution, which showed no sign of aggregation even after one month (see figure).
Chem. Eur. J., February 7, 2012, DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103212
Xifei Li, Xiangbo Meng, Jian Liu, Dongsheng Geng, Yong Zhang, Mohammad Norouzi Banis, Yongliang Li, Jinli Yang, Ruying Li, Xueliang Sun, Mei Cai, Mark W. Verbrugge
Tin Oxide with Controlled Morphology and Crystallinity by Atomic Layer Deposition onto Graphene Nanosheets for Enhanced Lithium Storage [Full Paper]
Both amorphous and crystalline SnO2 are deposited onto graphene nanosheets (GNS) using atomic layer deposition. The amorphous SnO2-GNS is more effective than the crystalline SnO2-GNS in overcoming electrochemical and mechanical degradation due to the intrinsically isotropic nature; it delivers a higher coulombic efficiency, higher energy capacity, and a superior cycling stability.
Adv. Funct. Mater., February 3, 2012, DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201101068
Yair Korenblit, Adam Kajdos, William C. West, Marshall C. Smart, Erik J. Brandon, Alexander Kvit, Jacek Jagiello, Gleb Yushin
In Situ Studies of Ion Transport in Microporous Supercapacitor Electrodes at Ultralow Temperatures [Full Paper]
Uniform, microporous, zeolite-templated carbons produced at low pressures demonstrate excellent ion transport and electroadsorption in pores at low temperatures. When used with a carefully designed electrolyte, these properties allow for fabrication of supercapacitors with an unprecedented combination of high specific capacitance, rapid charging ability, and high energy density characteristics at ultralow temperatures.
Adv. Funct. Mater., February 2, 2012, DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201102573
Suman K. Samanta, K. S. Subrahmanyam, Santanu Bhattacharya, C. N. R. Rao
Composites of Graphene and Other Nanocarbons with Organogelators Assembled through Supramolecular Interactions [Full Paper]
Gelled together: Graphene and other nanocarbons were doped with two structurally different organogelators based on π –stacking and van der Waals interactions which determined their self-assembly behaviour (see figure) and brought about changes in the macroscopic behavior.
Chem. Eur. J., February 1, 2012, DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102572
Wenguang Tu, Yong Zhou, Qi Liu, Zhongping Tian, Jun Gao, Xiaoyu Chen, Haitao Zhang, Jianguo Liu, Zhigang Zou
Robust Hollow Spheres Consisting of Alternating Titania Nanosheets and Graphene Nanosheets with High Photocatalytic Activity for CO2 Conversion into Renewable Fuels [Full Paper]
Robust hollow spheres consisting of molecular-scale alternating titania (Ti0.91O2) nanosheets and graphene (G) nanosheets are successfully fabricated using a layer-by-layer assembly technique. The nanostructures exhibit high efficiency of photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into renewable fuels.
Adv. Funct. Mater., January 26, 2012, DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201102566
Jun Liang, Hui Bi, Dongyun Wan, Fuqiang Huang
Novel Cu Nanowires/Graphene as the Back Contact for CdTe Solar Cells [Full Paper]
1D Cu-nanowire-doped graphene (Cu NWs/graphene) is used as the back contact for CdTe solar cells. The efficiency of cells with the Cu NWs/graphene reaches up to 12.1%, higher than for those with traditional back contacts using Cu-particle-doped graphite (10.5%) or Cu thin films (9.1%). The Cu-NW cells also exhibit an excellent thermal stability.
Adv. Funct. Mater., January 19, 2012, DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201102809
Dongyun Wan, Tianquan Lin, Hui Bi, Fuqiang Huang, Xiaoming Xie, I.-Wei Chen, Mianheng Jiang
Autonomously Controlled Homogenous Growth of Wafer-Sized High-Quality Graphene via a Smart Janus Substrate [Full Paper]
Homogenous growth of wafer-sized high-quality graphene is autonomously controlled by a novel substrate design in which a “smart” composite substrate with a self-evolving composition autonomously regulates the carbon content. The processing temperature spans from 1000 °C to 650 °C, the graphene layer number can be tuned from one to five, and the transparent conductive properties exceed the best reported for large-area graphenes.
Adv. Funct. Mater., January 9, 2012, DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201102560
Huiyun Wen, Chunyan Dong, Haiqing Dong, Aijun Shen, Wenjuan Xia, Xiaojun Cai, Yanyan Song, Xuequan Li, Yongyong Li, Donglu Shi
Engineered Redox-Responsive PEG Detachment Mechanism in PEGylated Nano-Graphene Oxide for Intracellular Drug Delivery [Full Paper]
A PEGylated nano-graphene oxide (NGO-SS-mPEG) with redox-responsive polyethylene glycol (PEG) detachment mechanism can rapidly release encapsulated payload under tumor-relevant glutathione (GSH) levels. The specially engineered delivery system addresses the critical issues related to NGO of physiological stability and drug delivery in a tumor-selective and controlled fashion.
Faranak Sharifi, Reg Bauld, M. Shafiq Ahmed, Giovanni Fanchini
Transparent and Conducting Graphene–RNA-Based Nanocomposites [Full Paper]
Different mechanisms of adhesion occur on graphene surfaces for the two types of RNA investigated: RNA VI forms aggregates whereas RNA IX uniformly covers the graphene surface. Such differences lead to the formation of different types of transparent and conducting graphene–RNA composites, with the best crossover between transparency and electric performance for nanocrystalline graphite dispersed in RNA VI.
Bin Luo, Shaomin Liu, Linjie Zhi
Chemical Approaches toward Graphene-Based Nanomaterials and their Applications in Energy-Related Areas [Review]
With a focus on chemical and thermal approaches toward the production of well-defined graphene-based nanomaterials, this paper gives a brief overview of the recent exciting research results and the potential applications of graphene nanomaterials in energy-related areas—including solar cells, lithium ion secondary batteries, supercapacitors, and catalysis—which have attracted great attention all over the world.
Marta E. Plonska-Brzezinska, Julita Mazurczyk, Barbara Palys, Joanna Breczko, Andrzej Lapinski, Alina T. Dubis, Luis Echegoyen
Preparation and Characterization of Composites that Contain Small Carbon Nano-Onions and Conducting Polyaniline [Full Paper]
A tearful discovery? We report the in situ polymerization of green, protonated, conducting emeraldine polyaniline (PANI) on the phenyleneamine-terminated surface of carbon nano-onions (CNOs). The functionalized and soluble CNO/PANI composites (see figure) were characterized and the electrochemical properties of the conducting CNO/PANI films investigated.
Juchen Guo, Qing Liu, Chunsheng Wang, Michael R. Zachariah
Interdispersed Amorphous MnOx–Carbon Nanocomposites with Superior Electrochemical Performance as Lithium-Storage Material [Full Paper]
Brenda Long, Mary Manning, Micheal Burke, Bartholomaeus N. Szafranek, Giuseppe Visimberga, Damien Thompson, James C. Greer, Ian M. Povey, John MacHale, Guaylord Lejosne, Daniel Neumaier, Aidan J. Quinn
Non-Covalent Functionalization of Graphene Using Self-Assembly of Alkane-Amines [Full Paper]
Lu Wei, Marta Sevilla, Antonio B. Fuertes, Robert Mokaya, Gleb Yushin
Polypyrrole-Derived Activated Carbons for High-Performance Electrical Double-Layer Capacitors with Ionic Liquid Electrolyte [Full Paper]
A novel method of activated carbon (AC) synthesis for electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) based on direct activation of synthetic polymers polypyrrole is proposed. ACs with high specific surface area are created. The specific capacitance of the produced carbons is very high when measured in a symmetric configuration in an ionic liquid electrolyte. Charge–discharge tests show excellent capacitance retention at an ultrahigh current density.
Meng-Qiang Zhao, Qiang Zhang, Jia-Qi Huang, Fei Wei
Hierarchical Nanocomposites Derived from Nanocarbons and Layered Double Hydroxides - Properties, Synthesis, and Applications [Feature Article]
Hierarchical nanocomposites derived from nanocarbons and layered double hydroxides, representing the latest frontier for arrangement and construction of different low-dimensional nanomaterials as building blocks, are reviewed. The article highlights the fabrication of novel hierarchical nanoarchitectures via bottom-up self-organization and their promising applications in energy storage, materials science, catalysis, environmental protection, and drug delivery, with a focus on hot topics and future challenges in this field.
Xiao Huang, Shaozhou Li, Shixin Wu, Yizhong Huang, Freddy Boey, Chee Lip Gan, Hua Zhang
Graphene Oxide-Templated Synthesis of Ultrathin or Tadpole-Shaped Au Nanowires with Alternating hcp and fcc Domains [Communication]
Ultrathin Au nanowires (AuNWs) and tadpole-shaped nanowires are synthesized on graphene oxide (GO) sheet templates. For the first time, 1.6 nm-diameter AuNWs are shown to contain hexagonal close-packed (hcp) crystal domains, and the tadpole-shaped nanowires exhibit alternating sets of hcp and face-centered cubic (fcc) structures, associated with variation in wire thickness.
Tae June Kang, Shaoli Fang, Mikhail E. Kozlov, Carter S. Haines, Na Li, Yong Hyup Kim, Yongsheng Chen, Ray H. Baughman
Electrical Power From Nanotube and Graphene Electrochemical Thermal Energy Harvesters [Full Paper]
Nanocarbon-based thermocells involving aqueous potassium ferro/ferricyanide electrolyte are investigated as an alternative to conventional thermoelectrics for thermal energy harvesting. The nanocarbon thermocell may become an attractive alternative for harvesting low-grade heat, given its simple design, direct thermal to electric energy conversion, continuous operation, low expected maintenance, and zero carbon emission.
J. Malig, C. Romero-Nieto, N. Jux, D. M. Guldi
Integrating Water-Soluble Graphene into Porphyrin Nanohybrids [Communication]
Exfoliation of graphite by a positively charged pyrene derivative was achieved in water and electronic communication by non-invasive electrostatic interaction with a negatively charged porphyrin was accomplished and proven photospectroscopically. The oppositely charged components were assembled through layer by layer deposition.
Gongkai Wang, Xiang Sun, Fengyuan Lu, Hongtao Sun, Mingpeng Yu, Weilin Jiang, Changsheng Liu, Jie Lian
Flexible Pillared Graphene-Paper Electrodes for High-Performance Electrochemical Supercapacitors [Full Paper]
Flexible graphene paper infiltrated by carbon black (CB) nanoparticles using a vacuum filtration method is developed as a high-performance electrode material for supercapacitors. The self-restacking of graphene sheets is mitigated by the introduction of carbon black as a spacer. The pillared graphene paper-based supercapacitors exhibit excellent electrochemical performance and cyclic stability compared with undoped graphene paper.
Alessandra Bonanni, Adriano Ambrosi, Martin Pumera
Nucleic Acid Functionalized Graphene for Biosensing [Full Paper]
Graphene design: Four different chemically modified graphenes were produced, characterized and used for the covalent immobilization of DNA probes. The impedimetric detection of DNA hybridization on these platforms was compared (see illustration). The best sensitivity and reproducibility was obtained when using electrochemically reduced graphene oxide. This platform was employed for the detection of DNA single nucleotide polymorphism.
Erica Guerriero, Laura Polloni, Laura Giorgia Rizzi, Massimiliano Bianchi, Giovanni Mondello, Roman Sordan
Graphene Audio Voltage Amplifier [Communication]
A graphene audio voltage amplifier is fabricated by overlapping the gate with source/drain contacts. The fabricated complementary amplifier has a voltage gain of 3.7 (11.4 dB) at 10 kHz, a total harmonic distortion in the audio frequency range of <1%, a unity-gain frequency of 360 kHz, and a −3 dB bandwidth of 70 kHz.
Amirhasan Nourbakhsh, Mirco Cantoro, Bing Li, Robert Müller, Steven De Feyter, Marc M. Heyns, Bert F. Sels, Stefan De Gendt
Tunable n- and p-type doping of single-layer graphene by engineering its interaction with the SiO2 support [Rapid Research Letter]
In this Letter the authors demonstrate a procedure to reversibly tune the excess charge concentration in single layer graphene from p- to n-type, up to carrier densities of 1.2 × 1013 cm–2, a value equivalent to displacement field strengths of ∼2.5 V/nm. The tuning is achieved by tailoring the interaction between graphene and the underlying Si/SiO2 substrate by using an amino terminated self-assembled monolayer.
Liang Ma, Jinlan Wang, Feng Ding
Strain-Induced Orientation-Selective Cutting of Graphene into Graphene Nanoribbons on Oxidation [Communication]
Cut to ribbons: Making atomically well-controlled graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) is prerequisite for many graphene applications. Ab initio calculations reveal that, on applying a uniaxial external tensile strain, O atoms adsorbed on graphene form parallel epoxy chains, and subsequent cutting by oxygen attack gives GNRs instead of the quantum dots that are obtained from unstrained graphene (see picture).
Hyobin Yoo, Kunook Chung, Yong Seok Choi, Chan Soon Kang, Kyu Hwan Oh, Miyoung Kim, Gyu-Chul Yi
Microstructures of GaN Thin Films Grown on Graphene Layers [Communication]
Plan-view and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy images show the microstructural properties of GaN thin films grown on graphene layers, including dislocation types and density, crystalline orientation and grain boundaries. The roles of ZnO nanowalls and GaN intermediate layers in the heteroepitaxial growth of GaN on graphene, revealed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, are also discussed.
Lucia Buglione, Alessandra Bonanni, Adriano Ambrosi, Martin Pumera
Gold Nanospacers Greatly Enhance the Capacitance of Electrochemically Reduced Graphene [Full Paper]
Capacity management: Gold nanoparticle (AuNP) spacers have been used to increase the capacitance of electrochemically reduced graphene (ER-GO) to values of approximately 174 F g−1. By the careful and systematic optimization of nanospacers loadings, the capacitance can be dramatically enhanced because these spacers prevent the graphene sheets from stacking (see picture: yellow=AuNP, green=purple=ER-GO).
Lei Wang, Xiaoyun Qin, Sen Liu, Yonglan Luo, Abdullah M. Asiri, Abdulrahman O. Al-Youbi, Xuping Sun
Single-Stranded DNA-Mediated Immobilization of Graphene on a Gold Electrode for Sensitive and Selective Determination of Dopamine [Communication]
Chemically modified electrodes: The fast and effective immobilization of graphene on a Au electrode has been demonstrated by exploiting Au–S interactions between Au and a thiolated single-stranded DNA as well as π–π stacking interactions between graphene and DNA bases (see figure). The resultant modified electrode exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity in dopamine detection with a detection limit of 0.8 nM in the presence of ascorbic acid.
Lei Zhang, Hongtao Liu, Yan Zhao, Xiangnan Sun, Yugeng Wen, Yunlong Guo, Xike Gao, Chong-an Di, Gui Yu, Yunqi Liu
Inkjet Printing High-Resolution, Large-Area Graphene Patterns by Coffee-Ring Lithography [Communication]
Lingyan Feng, Li Wu, Jiasi Wang, Jinsong Ren, Daisuke Miyoshi, Naoki Sugimoto, Xiaogang Qu
Detection of a Prognostic Indicator in Early-Stage Cancer Using Functionalized Graphene-Based Peptide Sensors [Communication]
Using a porphyrin-functionalized graphene-modified electrode, an electrochemical impedance peptide sensor for label-free detection of cyclin A2 has been constructed. This electrochemical sensor can not only detect protein in cancer cells but also differentiate cancer cells from normal ones. Furthermore, the assay provides the potential of using a simple electrochemical technique to estimate the efficiency of anticancer drugs in cancer therapy.
Hee-Jo Lee, Eunho Kim, Won-Jun Lee, Jongwan Jung
RF transmission properties of graphene monolayers with width variation [Rapid Research Letter]
In this Letter radio-frequency characteristics of graphene monolayers with width variation are experimentally investigated and the distributed elements for each width using a transmission line model are extracted from the measured scattering parameters, i.e. S11 and S21. We thus confirm that the radio-frequency characteristics for graphene monolayers are considerably dependent on resistance, capacitance, and inductance component in the microwave region.
Lei Bao, Zhi-Ling Zhang, Zhi-Quan Tian, Li Zhang, Cui Liu, Yi Lin, Baoping Qi, Dai-Wen Pang
Electrochemical Tuning of Luminescent Carbon Nanodots: From Preparation to Luminescence Mechanism [Communication]
The size of C-nanodots can be electrochemically tuned by changing the applied potential during their preparation. The higher the applied potential, the smaller the resulting C-nanodots. Moreover, the surface oxidation degree of the C-nanodots can also be electrochemically tuned. The red-shift of emission independent of the size provides an insight into the luminescence mechanism of C-nanodots.
Xiangjian Wan, Guankui Long, Lu Huang, Yongsheng Chen
Graphene – A Promising Material for Organic Photovoltaic Cells [Progress Report]
The application of graphene in organic photovoltaics as the transparent electrode, active layer or interface layer is reviewed. While research on this topic is still in the very early stages, the impressive results indicate that potentially a great future for graphene application in organic photovoltaic cells lies ahead.
Francisco Guinea, María A. H. Vozmediano, María P. López-Sancho, José González
Progress in Modeling Graphene: The Novel Features of this Material [Research News]
Graphene is a unique material. It is a highly conductive flexible and transparent membrane, one atom thick. Here, we review modeling work on some of these aspects, such as “strain engineering”, the unusual effect of long range deformations on the electron structure, and defect induced magnetic moments.
Mauricio Terrones, Olga Martín, María González, Javier Pozuelo, Berna Serrano, Juan C. Cabanelas, Sofía M. Vega-Díaz, Juan Baselga
Interphases in Graphene Polymer-based Nanocomposites: Achievements and Challenges [Research News]
In this Research News we summarize the synthesis and properties of graphene and its derivatives, and provide an overview of the latest research on polymer composites for different applications. It is vital to understand the chemistry and physics of the interphases established between the polymer and the graphene surfaces. We believe that their control will result in robust graphene-based polymer composites.
Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky, Margarita Darder, Francisco M. Fernandes, Ezzouhra Zatile, Francisco Javier Palomares, Pilar Aranda
Supported Graphene from Natural Resources: Easy Preparation and Applications [Research News]
A new concept in the preparation of supported graphene and graphene-like materials based on table sugar and gelatin in the presence of porous silicates and silica is introduced. Recent results demonstrate the ability of sucrose (the sweet way) and gelatin (the jelly way) to form conducting graphenic layers assembled to silicates and silica under standard thermal treatment.
Yunpu Zhai, Yuqian Dou, Dongyuan Zhao, Pasquale F. Fulvio, Richard T. Mayes, Sheng Dai
Carbon Materials for Chemical Capacitive Energy Storage [Review]
Carbon materials have attracted intense interest as electrodes for supercapacitors. A brief summary of recent research progress on carbon-based electrodes is provided. An analysis of both advantages and disadvantages of different types of carbons are presented. The future trends of electrochemical capacitors with high energy and power are proposed.
Chandan Biswas, Young Hee Lee
Graphene Versus Carbon Nanotubes in Electronic Devices [Feature Article]
Graphene and CNT exhibit excellent electronic and optoelectronic properties. This Feature Article reviews the recent progresses of carbon nanotubes and graphene research and compares their electronic and optoelectronic properties and device performances, such as transparent conducting films (transparency and sheet resistance) and field-effect transistors (FETs) (device types, ambipolarity, mobility, doping strategy, FET-performance, logic and memory operations), in detail.
Mark H. Rümmeli, Claudia G. Rocha, Frank Ortmann, Imad Ibrahim, Haldun Sevincli, Felix Börrnert, Jens Kunstmann, Alicja Bachmatiuk, Markus Pötschke, Masashi Shiraishi, M. Meyyappan, Bernd Büchner, Stephan Roche, Gianaurelio Cuniberti
Graphene: Piecing it Together [Progress Report]
The future of graphene as a material for electronic based devices will depend heavily on our ability to piece graphene together as a single crystal and define its edges with atomic precision. In this progress report, current synthesis strategies for graphene and their weaknesses in terms of electronics applications are highlighted.
Yujun Song, Weili Wei, Xiaogang Qu
Colorimetric Biosensing Using Smart Materials [Review]
For transformation of the detection events into color changes, a number of smart materials have been developed, including gold nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, cerium oxide nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and conjugated polymers. Recent developments in colorimetric biosensing using these smart materials and their applications in biomedical diagnosis and environmental monitoring are discussed.
Dongqing Wu, Fan Zhang, Ping Liu, Xinliang Feng
Two-Dimensional Nanocomposites Based on Chemically Modified Graphene [Concept]
Hello, flat world! Due to the presence of multifunctional groups and flat morphology with nm thin thickness, chemically modified graphene (CMG) is regarded as an ideal template for the construction of two-dimensional nanocomposites with various functions. This Concept article will introduce the recent achievements in the bottom-up fabrication of CMG-based 2D nanocomposites, which represent the new directions in material sciences.
Hongji Jiang
Chemical Preparation of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials and Their Applications in Chemical and Biological Sensors [Review]
Graphene is a flat monolayer of carbon atoms packed tightly into a 2D honeycomb lattice that shows many intriguing properties meeting the key requirements for the implementation of highly excellent sensors. To realize the potential sensor applications, the key is to synthesize graphene in a controlled way, and several production techniques for graphene-based nanomaterials have been developed. The present review critically explores the recent progress on the chemical preparation of graphene-based nanomaterials and their applications in sensors.
Kostya S. Novoselov
Graphene: Materials in the Flatland (Nobel Lecture) [Review]
Andre K. Geim
Random Walk to Graphene (Nobel Lecture) [Review]
There can be only one: In their Nobel Reviews, the laureates tell the story about the ever changing, exciting scientific pathways that eventually—for example, with the aid of simple adhesive tape—led them to the discovery of graphene. Graphene is a carbon monolayer with almost magical abilities, including exceptional strength, stability, and electronic properties, with massless Dirac fermions as charge carriers.
Xiao Huang, Zongyou Yin, Shixin Wu, Xiaoying Qi, Qiyuan He, Qichun Zhang, Qingyu Yan, Freddy Boey, Hua Zhang
Graphene-Based Materials: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, and Applications [Review]
Graphene-based materials may find applications in a variety of fields. Following a general introduction to graphene and its derivatives, the synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications of graphene-based materials are discussed.
Shuping Pang, Yenny Hernandez, Xinliang Feng, Klaus Müllen
Graphene as Transparent Electrode Material for Organic Electronics [Progress Report]
Organic electronics have led to a rapidly growing market for flexible transparent electrodes. Novel two-dimensional graphene is considered a realistic candidate to replace ITO electrode due to its unique properties, such as favorable work function, low resistance, high optical transmittance, good chemical and thermal stability, high mechanical strength and flexibility.
Claudia Backes, Frank Hauke, Andreas Hirsch
The Potential of Perylene Bisimide Derivatives for the Solubilization of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene [Progress Report]
Noncovalent functionalization of sp2 carbon allotropes by designed π-surfactants constitutes a highly feasible and versatile route for solubilization and tailoring of surface properties by supramolecular self-assembly. In this regard the potential of perylene bismides as novel substance class to provide an exceptional anchor unit is outlined.
Dang Sheng Su
Inorganic Materials with Double-Helix Structures [Highlight]
Two different methods recently yielded inorganic materials with double-helix structures: Silicon microtubes (see picture) formed when high inner pressure forced NaSi melt through an opening in the surface of a disc, and carbon nanotubes were prepared when plates of layered double hydroxide coated with active catalyst particles were used as substrate. These reports open the door for the application of double-helical inorganic materials in chemistry and biology.
Sun Hwa Lee, Duck Hyun Lee, Won Jun Lee, Sang Ouk Kim
Tailored Assembly of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene [Feature Article]
The current research status of tailored assembly of carbon nanotubes and graphene into functional three-dimensional nanoarchitectures is reviewed in this Feature Article. Carbon nanotubes and graphene have been self-assembled into various complex architectures from solvent dispersion or directed catalytic growth. The introduced novel approaches would contribute to the optimized utilization of graphitic carbon materials and the expansion of releveant fields of application.
David S. Hecht, Liangbing Hu, Glen Irvin
Emerging Transparent Electrodes Based on Thin Films of Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, and Metallic Nanostructures [Review]
Transparent conductive materials are an integral part of many modern devices including LCDs, solar cells, OLEDs, and touchscreens. This article reviews current trends in emerging nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and metallic nanowires, with a focus on the electrical, optical, and mechanical properties of each material, and its suitability for various applications.
Volker Presser, Min Heon, Yury Gogotsi
Carbide-Derived Carbons – From Porous Networks to Nanotubes and Graphene [Feature Article]
Carbide-derived carbons (CDCs) are a family of carbon materials that can be obtained by selective extraction of metal or metalloid atoms from carbide precursors. The properties and structures of the resulting CDCs depend on the structures of the carbide precursors as well as on synthesis conditions. Halogenation, for example, yields amorphous porous carbon with an extremely high specific surface area.
Hua Bai, Chun Li, Gaoquan Shi
Functional Composite Materials Based on Chemically Converted Graphene [Progress Report]
The recent advancements in the studies of the composites of chemically converted graphene (CCG) and small molecules, polymers, inorganic nanoparticles, or other carbon nanomaterials are reviewed. The methodology for preparing CCG and its composites has been summarized, and the applications of CCG-based functional composite materials are also discussed.
Jeffrey Pyun
Graphene Oxide as Catalyst: Application of Carbon Materials beyond Nanotechnology [Highlight]
More hip than nano: Bielawski and co-workers recently demonstrated the remarkable ability of graphene oxide to catalyze the oxidation of a variety of alcohols to the corresponding ketones/aldehydes, alkenes to the corresponding diones, and alkynes to the corresponding hydrates—a process they termed “carbocatalysis”. These efficient metal-free reactions mark a promising convergence of heterogeneous catalysis with graphene science.
© Wiley-VCH 2011.
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