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Over the last
20 years, tremendous progress has been achieved in the design and
fabrication of organic electronic devices. High performance LEDs,
transistors, and memory devices—the materials science journals have it
all! Follow the continuing progress and the latest breakthroughs in the
field of organic electronics in our top-quality journals.
Daniele
Braga, Gilles
Horowitz
High-Performance
Organic Field-Effect Transistors
Adv. Mater., DOI:
10.1002/adma.200802733
Dario Natali, Mario Caironi
Charge Injection in Solution-Processed Organic Field-Effect Transistors: Physics, Models and Characterization Methods [Review]
A comprehensive overview on the subject of current injection in organic thin-film transistors is given: physical principles concerning energy level (mis)alignment at interfaces, models describing charge injection, technologies for interface tuning, and techniques for characterizing devices. Finally, a survey of the most recent accomplishments in the field is given.
Auke J. Kronemeijer, Enrico Gili, Munazza Shahid, Jonathan Rivnay, Alberto Salleo, Martin Heeney, Henning Sirringhaus
A Selenophene-Based Low-Bandgap Donor–Acceptor Polymer Leading to Fast Ambipolar Logic [Communication]
Fast ambipolar CMOS-like logic is demonstrated using a new selenophene-based donor-acceptor polymer semiconductor. The polymer exhibits saturation hole and electron mobilities of 0.46 cm2/Vs and 0.84 cm2/Vs. Inverters are fabricated with high gains while three-stage ring oscillators show stable oscillation with an unprecedented maximum frequency of 182 kHz at a relatively low supply voltage of 50 V.
Bong-Gi Kim, Chang-Gua Zhen, Eun Jeong Jeong, John Kieffer, Jinsang Kim
Organic Dye Design Tools for Efficient Photocurrent Generation in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Exciton Binding Energy and Electron Acceptors [Full Paper]
A combined computational and experimental design approach provides insight into the functioning of organic photosensitizer dyes for solar cell applications. Comparing calculations with measurements reveals that the exciton binding energy and quantum yield are inversely correlated. When a strong electron-accepting moiety is inserted in the middle of the dye framework, the light-to-electric energy conversion behavior significantly deteriorates.
Adv. Funct. Mater., February 6, 2012, DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201101961
Kammasasndra Nanjunda Shivananda, Irit Cohen, Elena Borzin, Yulia Gerchikov, Michal Firstenberg, Olga Solomeshch, Nir Tessler, Yoav Eichen
Sequence-Independent Synthesis of π-conjugated Arylenevinylene Oligomers using Bifunctional Thiophene Monomers [Full Paper]
Wittig–Horner vinyl bond formation using bifunctional monomers provides an efficient, sequence-independent synthesis tool for the assembly by design and optimization according to performance (i.e., engineering) of complex π-conjugated structures.
Adv. Funct. Mater., January 30, 2012, DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201101897
Theanne Schiros, Stefan Mannsfeld, Chien-yang Chiu, Kevin G. Yager, James Ciston, Alon A. Gorodetsky, Matteo Palma, Zac Bullard, Theodore Kramer, Dean Delongchamp, Daniel Fischer, Ioannis Kymissis, Michael F. Toney, Colin Nuckolls
Reticulated Organic Photovoltaics [Full Paper]
This paper shows how self assembly can be exploited to engineer the interface and morphology between the single crystal cables of donor material (6-DBTTC) and polycrystalline acceptor (C60) to create an interpenetrating network of pure phases expected to be optimal for photovoltaic device performance. These strategies facilitate 3-D nanostructured photovoltaic cells made with the simplicity and control of bilayer device fabrication.
Adv. Funct. Mater., January 19, 2012, DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201102572
Yiheng Qin, Daniël H. Turkenburg, Ionut Barbu, Wiljan T. T. Smaal, Kris Myny, Wan-Yu Lin, Gerwin H. Gelinck, Paul Heremans, Johan Liu, Erwin R. Meinders
Organic Thin-Film Transistors with Anodized Gate Dielectric Patterned by Self-Aligned Embossing on Flexible Substrates [Full Paper]
A self-aligned multi-level embossing patterning method for manufacturing bottom-gate, bottom-contact thin-film transistors on flexible substrates is demonstrated. The low temperature processed metal-insulator-metal stack includes an optimized defect-free, flat, and uniform gate dielectric layer based on aluminum anodization. Electrical measurements exhibit promising transfer characteristics of the devices, proving the feasibility of this technique.
Adv. Funct. Mater., January 18, 2012, DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201102266
Eric L. Spitler, John W. Colson, Fernando J. Uribe-Romo, Arthur R. Woll, Marissa R. Giovino, Abraham Saldivar, William R. Dichtel
Lattice Expansion of Highly Oriented 2D Phthalocyanine Covalent Organic Framework Films [Communication]
Expanding into application: Covalent organic framework (COF) films are ideally suited for vertical charge transport and serve as precursors of ordered heterojunctions. Their pores, however, were previously too small to accommodate continuous networks of complementary electron acceptors. Four phthalocyanine COFs with increased pore size well into the mesoporous regime are now described (see example).
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., January 3, 2012, DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107070
Ziqi Liang, Alexandre M. Nardes, Jao van de Lagemaat, Brian A. Gregg
Activation Energy Spectra: Insights into Transport Limitations of Organic Semiconductors and Photovoltaic Cells [Full Paper]
Dark current and photocurrent activation energy spectra are measured for two types of poly(3-hexylthiophene) in pure films, films blended with [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), and in bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic cells. The cells show an unexpected transport limitation near the open circuit photovoltage. The results support a model of transport that combines the influence of short-range energetic disorder with long-range Coulomb fields from charged defects.
Adv. Funct. Mater., December 29, 2011, DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201102813
Stefan Lach, Anna Altenhof, Katrick Tarafder, Felix Schmitt, Ehesan Ali, Michael Vogel, Jens Sauther, Peter. M. Oppeneer, Christiane Ziegler
Metal–Organic Hybrid Interface States of A Ferromagnet/Organic Semiconductor Hybrid Junction as Basis For Engineering Spin Injection in Organic Spintronics [Full Paper]
Fabiola Liscio, Silvia Milita, Cristiano Albonetti, Pasquale D'Angelo, Antonietta Guagliardi, Norberto Masciocchi, Raffaele Guido Della Valle, Elisabetta Venuti, Aldo Brillante, Fabio Biscarini
Structure and Morphology of PDI8-CN2 for n-Type Thin-Film Transistors [Full Paper]
A multiscale investigation of N, N'-bis(n- octyl)-x:y,dicyanoperylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (PDI8-CN2) shows the same molecular arrangement in the bulk and in thin films sublimated on SiO2/Si wafers. A complete structural determination and morphological studies disclose the growth mechanisms occurring at different deposition temperatures, which appear to be highly correlated with the trend of the electrical parameters that are measured in PDI8-CN2-based field-effect transistors.
Adv. Funct. Mater., December 20, 2011, DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201101640
Fabien Alibart, Stéphane Pleutin, Olivier Bichler, Christian Gamrat, Teresa Serrano-Gotarredona, Bernabe Linares-Barranco, Dominique Vuillaume
A Memristive Nanoparticle/Organic Hybrid Synapstor for Neuroinspired Computing [Full Paper]
A synapstor (synapse-transistor), called NOMFET (nanoparticle organic memory field-effect transistor) is designed and fabricated to mimic the spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) of a biological synapse. STDP is a fundamental mechanism of learning in the brain. The STDP behavior means that the synaptic response (here the device conductance) depends on the time correlation between pre- and postsynaptic spikes received by the synapstor.
Chih-Yu Chang, Yen-Ju Cheng, Shih-Hsiu Hung, Jhong-Sian Wu, Wei-Shun Kao, Chia-Hao Lee, Chain-Shu Hsu
Combination of Molecular, Morphological, and Interfacial Engineering to Achieve Highly Efficient and Stable Plastic Solar Cells [Communication]
Bettina Friedel, Bruno Ehrler, Sven Hüttner, Neil C. Greenham
Enhanced Nanoscale Imaging of Polymer Blends by Temperature-Controlled Selective Dissolution [Communication]
Nanoscale imaging on polymer blends is vital, especially in organic electronics. By using temperature-controlled selective dissolution, the 3D structure of a thin film becomes accessible without the expensive search for adequate orthogonal solvents. The method, which takes advantage of the temperature dependence of the solubility, is demonstrated to image P3HT:PCBM and P3HT:F8TBT photovoltaic blend films using atomic force and scanning electron microscopy.
Suhao Wang, Michael Kappl, Ingo Liebewirth, Maren Müller, Katrin Kirchhoff, Wojciech Pisula, Klaus Müllen
Organic Field-Effect Transistors based on Highly Ordered Single Polymer Fibers [Communication]
Ultrahigh-mobility organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on a CDT-BTZ donor-acceptor copolymer are realized by reaching high molecular order and pronounced alignment in single fibers within a short OFET channel via solution processing. The macromolecules directionally self-assemble in a quasi crystal-like order in the fibers providing in this way an unhindered charge carrier pathway with mobilities as high as 5.5 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Sebastian Köber, Michael Salvador, Klaus Meerholz
Organic Photorefractive Materials and Applications [Review]
Organic photorefractive materials are rewritable media capable of storing holograms as light induced refractive index change. This review compares material approaches to the photorefractive effect and provides an overview on recent developments with emphasis on organic polymer composites and low-molecular weight glasses. Applications based on the unique properties of organic photorefractive materials are introduced and discussed.
Byungjin Cho, Sunghun Song, Yongsung Ji, Tae-Wook Kim, Takhee Lee
Organic Resistive Memory Devices: Performance Enhancement, Integration, and Advanced Architectures [Feature Article]
Recently, organic resistive memory devices, which have many advantages including simple device structures, low fabrication costs, and printability, have been extensively investigated. The focus of this Feature Article is on essential strategies for memory performance enhancement, high-density integration, and advanced architectural concepts necessary for future memory applications.
P. Stallinga
Electronic Transport in Organic Materials: Comparison of Band Theory with Percolation/(Variable Range) Hopping Theory [Essay]
Band theory for inorganic materials versus hopping or percolation theory for organics? Band theory conduction is contrasted with the more widely used percolation and hopping theories for organic electronic materials (). These materials are generally of lower performance than their inorganic counterparts and this is often presented as justification for a different conduction mechanism. Here it is reasoned that switching to a different conduction mechanism for electronic organic materials is not justified.
Shuping Pang, Yenny Hernandez, Xinliang Feng, Klaus Müllen
Graphene as Transparent Electrode Material for Organic Electronics [Progress Report]
Organic electronics have led to a rapidly growing market for flexible transparent electrodes. Novel two-dimensional graphene is considered a realistic candidate to replace ITO electrode due to its unique properties, such as favorable work function, low resistance, high optical transmittance, good chemical and thermal stability, high mechanical strength and flexibility.
Marcus Halik, Andreas Hirsch
The Potential of Molecular Self-Assembled Monolayers in Organic Electronic Devices [Research News]
Recent developments of self-assembled monolayer (SAM) applications in organic electronic devices, are described, following the increasing complexity of molecules and applications. The applications range from simple supporting layers, functional device mono- and multilayers (top in figure), and multifunctional device layers (bottom left) to the new trend of mixed monolayers (bottom right).
Ullrich Scherf
Counterion Pinning in Conjugated Polyelectrolytes for Applications in Organic Electronics [Highlight]
Immobilizing counterions: Cationic, conjugated polyelectrolytes can be used to improve the electron injection from low-work-function metal electrodes into the active layers of organic light-emitting diodes. The problem of mobile counterions has now been solved through the use of zwitterionic, conjugated polyelectrolytes as thin injection layers. These polyelectrolytes (see structure) are made from neutral precursor polymers in a simple one-step reaction.
Wei Chen, Dong-Chen Qi, Han Huang, Xingyu Gao, Andrew T. S. Wee
Organic–Organic Heterojunction Interfaces: Effect of Molecular Orientation [Feature Article]
Organic–organic heterojunctions (OOHs) are critical features in organic light-emitting diodes, ambipolar organic field-effect-transistors and organic solar cells. Recent progress in the understanding of interface energetics at small molecule OOH interfaces is reviewed in this Feature Article, focusing on the orientation-dependent energy-level alignments and their implications on device operations.
Dean M. DeLongchamp, R. Joseph Kline, Daniel A. Fischer, Lee J. Richter, Michael F. Toney
Molecular Characterization of Organic Electronic Films [Progress Report]
The performance of organic electronic materials is closely related to their morphology and molecular packing, which can be measured by combining multiple complementary techniques. This image shows the layered structure of the semiconducting polymer pBTTT, determined by combining information from diffraction, polarized spectroscopies, and scanning probe microscopy.
Xiaowei Zhan, Antonio Facchetti, Stephen Barlow, Tobin J. Marks, Mark A. Ratner, Michael R. Wasielewski, Seth R. Marder
Rylene and Related Diimides for Organic Electronics [Review]
Electronic devices based on organic materials offer the potential of low-cost processing on flexible substrates when compared to traditional inorganic semiconductors. Rylene diimides have recently shown promise as potential alternatives to the fullerenes as acceptors in photovoltaic devices, exhibiting power conversion efficiencies that are amongst the highest achieved for all-polymer fullerene-free systems. This article reviews their development for both transistor and solar cell applications.
© Wiley-VCH 2011.
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