Radar Data Processing With Applications
Wiley - IEEE
1. Edition October 2016
560 Pages, Hardcover
Wiley & Sons Ltd
ISBN:
978-1-118-95686-1
John Wiley & Sons
A systematic introduction to the theory, development and latest research results of radar data processing technology
* Presents both classical theory and development methods of radar data processing
* Provides state-of-the-art research results, including data processing for modern style radars, and tracking performance evaluation theory
* Includes coverage of performance evaluation, registration algorithm for Radar network, data processing of passive radar, pulse Doppler radar, and phased array radar
* Has applications for those engaged in information engineering, radar engineering, electronic countermeasures, infrared techniques, sonar techniques, and military command
About the Authors xiv
Preface xvi
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Aim and Significance of Radar Data Processing 1
1.2 Basic Concepts in Radar Data Processing 2
1.3 Design Requirements and Main Technical Indexes of Radar Data Processors 9
1.4 History and Present Situation of Research in Radar Data Processing Technology 12
1.5 Scope and Outline of the Book 14
2 Parameter Estimation 20
2.1 Introduction 20
2.2 The Concept of Parameter Estimation 20
2.3 Four Basic Parameter Estimation Techniques 23
2.4 Properties of Estimators 26
2.5 Parameter Estimation of Static Vectors 28
2.6 Summary 33
3 Linear Filtering Approaches 34
3.1 Introduction 34
3.2 Kalman Filter 34
3.3 Steady-State Kalman Filter 48
3.4 Summary 52
4 Nonlinear Filtering Approaches 53
4.1 Introduction 53
4.2 Extended Kalman Filter 53
4.3 Unscented Kalman Filter 58
4.4 Particle Filter 65
4.5 Summary 71
5 Measurement Preprocessing Techniques 72
5.1 Introduction 72
5.2 Time Registration 72
5.3 Space Registration 75
5.4 Radar Error Calibration Techniques 88
5.5 Data Compression Techniques 89
5.6 Summary 93
6 Track Initiation in Multi-target Tracking 95
6.1 Introduction 95
6.2 The Shape and Size of Track Initiation Gates 96
6.3 Track Initiation Algorithms 100
6.4 Comparison and Analysis of Track Initiation Algorithms 109
6.5 Discussion of Some Issues in Track Initiation 116
6.6 Summary 117
7 Maximum Likelihood Class Multi-target Data Association Methods 118
7.1 Introduction 118
7.2 Track-Splitting Algorithm 118
7.3 Joint Maximum Likelihood Algorithm 123
7.4 0-1 Integer Programming Algorithm 126
7.5 Generalized Correlation Algorithm 130
7.6 Summary 137
8 Bayesian Multi-target Data Association Approach 138
8.1 Introduction 138
8.2 Nearest-Neighbor Algorithm 138
8.3 Probabilistic Data Association Algorithm 141
8.4 Integrated Probabilistic Data Association Algorithm 152
8.5 Joint Probabilistic Data Association Algorithm 154
8.6 Summary 167
9 Tracking Maneuvering Targets 169
9.1 Introduction 169
9.2 Tracking Algorithm with Maneuver Detection 170
9.3 Adaptive Tracking Algorithm 174
9.4 Performance Comparison of Maneuvering Target Tracking Algorithms 189
9.5 Summary 201
10 Group Target Tracking 203
10.1 Introduction 203
10.2 Basic Methods for Track Initiation of the Group Target 204
10.3 The Gray Fine Track Initiation Algorithm for Group Targets 214
10.4 Centroid Group Tracking 233
10.5 Formation Group Tracking 238
10.6 Performance Analysis of Tracking Algorithms for Group Targets 240
10.7 Summary 246
11 Multi-target Track Termination Theory and Track Management 250
11.1 Introduction 250
11.2 Multi-target Track Termination Theory 250
11.3 Track Management 258
11.4 Summary 275
12 Passive Radar Data Processing 276
12.1 Introduction 276
12.2 Advantages of Passive Radars 276
12.3 Passive Radar Spatial Data Association 278
12.4 Optimal Deployment of Direction-Finding Location 289
12.5 Passive Location Based on TDOA Measurements 299
12.6 Summary 303
13 Pulse Doppler Radar Data Processing 304
13.1 Introduction 304
13.2 Overview of PD Radar Systems 304
13.3 Typical Algorithms of PD Radar Tracking 307
13.4 Performance Analysis on PD Radar Tracking Algorithms 321
13.5 Summary 331
14 Phased Array Radar Data Processing 332
14.1 Introduction 332
14.2 Characteristics and Major Indexes 333
14.3 Structure and Working Procedure 334
14.4 Data Processing 336
14.5 Performance Analysis of the Adaptive Sampling Period Algorithm 355
14.6 Summary 361
15 Radar Network Error Registration Algorithm 362
15.1 Introduction 362
15.2 The Composition and Influence of Systematic Errors 362
15.3 Fixed Radar Registration Algorithm 366
15.4 Mobile Radar Registration Algorithm 380
15.5 Summary 402
16 Radar Network Data Processing 405
16.1 Introduction 405
16.2 Performance Evaluation Indexes of Radar Networks 406
16.3 Data Processing of Monostatic Radar Networks 408
16.4 Data Processing of Bistatic Radar Networks 413
16.5 Data Processing of Multistatic Radar Networks 420
16.6 Track Association 423
16.7 Summary 426
17 Evaluation of Radar Data Processing Performance 427
17.1 Introduction 427
17.2 Basic Terms 428
17.3 Data Association Performance Evaluation 429
17.4 Performance Evaluation of Tracking 432
17.5 Evaluation of the Data Fusion Performance of Radar Networks 436
17.6 Methods of Evaluating Radar Data Processing Algorithms 438
17.7 Summary 440
18 Radar Data Processing Simulation Technology 441
18.1 Introduction 441
18.2 Basis of System Simulation Technology 442
18.3 Simulation of Radar Data Processing Algorithms 449
18.4 Simulation Examples of Algorithms 457
18.5 Summary 463
19 Practical Application of Radar Data Processing 464
19.1 Introduction 464
19.2 Application in ATC Systems 464
19.3 Application in Shipboard Navigation Radar 474
19.4 Application in Shipboard Radar Clutter Suppression 476
19.5 Application in Ground-Based Radar 480
19.6 Applications in Shipboard Monitoring System 482
19.7 Application in the Fleet Air Defense System 484
19.8 Applications in AEW Radar 486
19.9 Application in Air Warning Radar Network 492
19.10 Application in Phased Array Radar 495
19.11 Summary 498
20 Review, Suggestions, and Outlook 499
20.1 Introduction 499
20.2 Review of Research Achievements 499
20.3 Issues and Suggestions 502
20.4 Outlook for Research Direction 505
References 508
Index 523
Preface xvi
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Aim and Significance of Radar Data Processing 1
1.2 Basic Concepts in Radar Data Processing 2
1.3 Design Requirements and Main Technical Indexes of Radar Data Processors 9
1.4 History and Present Situation of Research in Radar Data Processing Technology 12
1.5 Scope and Outline of the Book 14
2 Parameter Estimation 20
2.1 Introduction 20
2.2 The Concept of Parameter Estimation 20
2.3 Four Basic Parameter Estimation Techniques 23
2.4 Properties of Estimators 26
2.5 Parameter Estimation of Static Vectors 28
2.6 Summary 33
3 Linear Filtering Approaches 34
3.1 Introduction 34
3.2 Kalman Filter 34
3.3 Steady-State Kalman Filter 48
3.4 Summary 52
4 Nonlinear Filtering Approaches 53
4.1 Introduction 53
4.2 Extended Kalman Filter 53
4.3 Unscented Kalman Filter 58
4.4 Particle Filter 65
4.5 Summary 71
5 Measurement Preprocessing Techniques 72
5.1 Introduction 72
5.2 Time Registration 72
5.3 Space Registration 75
5.4 Radar Error Calibration Techniques 88
5.5 Data Compression Techniques 89
5.6 Summary 93
6 Track Initiation in Multi-target Tracking 95
6.1 Introduction 95
6.2 The Shape and Size of Track Initiation Gates 96
6.3 Track Initiation Algorithms 100
6.4 Comparison and Analysis of Track Initiation Algorithms 109
6.5 Discussion of Some Issues in Track Initiation 116
6.6 Summary 117
7 Maximum Likelihood Class Multi-target Data Association Methods 118
7.1 Introduction 118
7.2 Track-Splitting Algorithm 118
7.3 Joint Maximum Likelihood Algorithm 123
7.4 0-1 Integer Programming Algorithm 126
7.5 Generalized Correlation Algorithm 130
7.6 Summary 137
8 Bayesian Multi-target Data Association Approach 138
8.1 Introduction 138
8.2 Nearest-Neighbor Algorithm 138
8.3 Probabilistic Data Association Algorithm 141
8.4 Integrated Probabilistic Data Association Algorithm 152
8.5 Joint Probabilistic Data Association Algorithm 154
8.6 Summary 167
9 Tracking Maneuvering Targets 169
9.1 Introduction 169
9.2 Tracking Algorithm with Maneuver Detection 170
9.3 Adaptive Tracking Algorithm 174
9.4 Performance Comparison of Maneuvering Target Tracking Algorithms 189
9.5 Summary 201
10 Group Target Tracking 203
10.1 Introduction 203
10.2 Basic Methods for Track Initiation of the Group Target 204
10.3 The Gray Fine Track Initiation Algorithm for Group Targets 214
10.4 Centroid Group Tracking 233
10.5 Formation Group Tracking 238
10.6 Performance Analysis of Tracking Algorithms for Group Targets 240
10.7 Summary 246
11 Multi-target Track Termination Theory and Track Management 250
11.1 Introduction 250
11.2 Multi-target Track Termination Theory 250
11.3 Track Management 258
11.4 Summary 275
12 Passive Radar Data Processing 276
12.1 Introduction 276
12.2 Advantages of Passive Radars 276
12.3 Passive Radar Spatial Data Association 278
12.4 Optimal Deployment of Direction-Finding Location 289
12.5 Passive Location Based on TDOA Measurements 299
12.6 Summary 303
13 Pulse Doppler Radar Data Processing 304
13.1 Introduction 304
13.2 Overview of PD Radar Systems 304
13.3 Typical Algorithms of PD Radar Tracking 307
13.4 Performance Analysis on PD Radar Tracking Algorithms 321
13.5 Summary 331
14 Phased Array Radar Data Processing 332
14.1 Introduction 332
14.2 Characteristics and Major Indexes 333
14.3 Structure and Working Procedure 334
14.4 Data Processing 336
14.5 Performance Analysis of the Adaptive Sampling Period Algorithm 355
14.6 Summary 361
15 Radar Network Error Registration Algorithm 362
15.1 Introduction 362
15.2 The Composition and Influence of Systematic Errors 362
15.3 Fixed Radar Registration Algorithm 366
15.4 Mobile Radar Registration Algorithm 380
15.5 Summary 402
16 Radar Network Data Processing 405
16.1 Introduction 405
16.2 Performance Evaluation Indexes of Radar Networks 406
16.3 Data Processing of Monostatic Radar Networks 408
16.4 Data Processing of Bistatic Radar Networks 413
16.5 Data Processing of Multistatic Radar Networks 420
16.6 Track Association 423
16.7 Summary 426
17 Evaluation of Radar Data Processing Performance 427
17.1 Introduction 427
17.2 Basic Terms 428
17.3 Data Association Performance Evaluation 429
17.4 Performance Evaluation of Tracking 432
17.5 Evaluation of the Data Fusion Performance of Radar Networks 436
17.6 Methods of Evaluating Radar Data Processing Algorithms 438
17.7 Summary 440
18 Radar Data Processing Simulation Technology 441
18.1 Introduction 441
18.2 Basis of System Simulation Technology 442
18.3 Simulation of Radar Data Processing Algorithms 449
18.4 Simulation Examples of Algorithms 457
18.5 Summary 463
19 Practical Application of Radar Data Processing 464
19.1 Introduction 464
19.2 Application in ATC Systems 464
19.3 Application in Shipboard Navigation Radar 474
19.4 Application in Shipboard Radar Clutter Suppression 476
19.5 Application in Ground-Based Radar 480
19.6 Applications in Shipboard Monitoring System 482
19.7 Application in the Fleet Air Defense System 484
19.8 Applications in AEW Radar 486
19.9 Application in Air Warning Radar Network 492
19.10 Application in Phased Array Radar 495
19.11 Summary 498
20 Review, Suggestions, and Outlook 499
20.1 Introduction 499
20.2 Review of Research Achievements 499
20.3 Issues and Suggestions 502
20.4 Outlook for Research Direction 505
References 508
Index 523
