A Back and Forth between Tourism and Health
From Medical Tourism to Global Health
1. Auflage November 2022
256 Seiten, Hardcover
Wiley & Sons Ltd
Weitere Versionen
Health is an often-overlooked issue in the touristic development of territories. However, the recent pandemic linked to Covid-19, by bringing the tourism sector to a halt, has revealed the importance of health issues for this economic sector.
This book deals with the interaction between tourism and health in all its facets and offers a complete overview of the subject, the beginnings of which date back to Antiquity. The arguments presented here are based on a back-and-forth approach between tourism studies and health sciences. Various themes are thus addressed, such as health risks, health issues for travellers linked to tourism practices, medical tourism, health mobility and the global processes that accompany it, as well as the impact of tourism development on public health in destinations.
A Back and Forth Between Tourism and Health highlights the need to include the health dimension in tourism planning and invites a paradigm shift in thinking about the tourism sector.
Chapter 1 Tourism and Health, a Long-Standing and Renewed Relationship 1
1.1 From Hippocrates to Thermalism 3
1.1.1 The Roman Period 3
1.1.2 Elsewhere in the World 5
1.1.3 To the Middle Ages, Then in the Renaissance 7
1.1.4 Modern History of Spa Towns 9
1.2 From Sea Bathing to Coastal Tourism and Thalassotherapy 14
1.2.1 Thermal Medicine 16
1.2.2 Thalassotherapy 19
1.3 Fresh Air, Nature, Health and Tourism 21
1.4 From Heliotropism to a Reflection on Social Inequalities in Tourism 24
Chapter 2 Travel Health, Risks and Diseases 27
2.1 Diseases and Risk Areas 28
2.1.1 Infectious and Parasitic Diseases 29
2.1.2 Prevention is Better Than Cure 54
2.2 Circulation of Tourists, Circulation of Diseases 56
2.2.1 International Travel and the Spread Of Epidemics 57
2.2.2 Non-Infectious Risks and Diseases: Travel-Related Variations 60
2.2.3 Travel Mortality and Its Causes 70
2.2.4 Health upon Return Home (Example of Post-Travel Depression) 70
2.3 Bodies, Tourism Activities and Health 71
2.3.1 The Relationship with the Sun and How New Body Norms Emerge 71
2.3.2 Worship of Bodily Beauty 77
2.4 Accidents, Insurance and Repatriation and Access to Travel Healthcare 91
2.4.1 Comparing Healthcare Systems around the World 91
2.4.2 Health Insurance, Assistance and Repatriation 98
Chapter 3 Medical Tourism, Health Mobilities and Global Processes 103
3.1 Medical Tourism, Definition(S) and Trends 103
3.1.1 Definition(S) 104
3.1.2 Trends and Issues 108
3.2 The Patient Tourist Experience 117
3.3 Tourism and Disability 119
3.3.1 Adapted Travels 119
3.3.2 Respite Tourism for Caregivers 125
3.4 Retirement Tourism: From Tourism to Winterization 127
3.5 The Backpacker Phenomenon and Health 130
3.5.1 Risk Assessment and Risk Taking 131
3.5.2 Seeking Care and Searching for Alternative Practices 133
3.6 Circulations, Vernacular Knowledge and Health Versus Tourism and Globalization 134
3.6.1 Substance Circulations and Pharmaceutical Tourism 135
3.6.2 From Traditional Health Knowledge Tourism to Shamanic Tourism 141
Chapter 4 Impact of Tourism Development on the Health of Destinations 147
4.1 Impacts on Health Systems 147
4.1.1 Does Tourism Unbalance Local Health Systems? 148
4.1.2 Does Tourism Initiate Public Health Policies? 153
4.1.3 Labels and Certification Standards 158
4.1.4 Special Case: The Impact of Medical Tourism 161
4.2 Health and Environmental Impacts 164
4.2.1 Pollution or Degradation of Ecosystems 165
4.2.2 Example: The Impact of Cruise Tourism 170
4.2.3 Social Environment 171
4.3 Social Health Impacts 173
4.3.1 Occupational Health 173
4.3.2 Changing Lifestyles: Thoughts on Food 177
4.3.3 Tourist Carrying Capacity and Health Issues 179
Chapter 5 Health, Ignored In Tourism Development? A Neglected Asset? 183
5.1 Health and Wellness as a Tourist Segment 183
5.1.1 Health Benefits of Travel and Tourism 185
5.1.2 Health, Well-Being and Tourist Attractiveness 186
5.2 Synthesis of Potentials 189
5.2.1 Flagship Products 189
5.2.2 An Evolving Clientele 190
5.2.3 Four Facets of the Same Object 191
5.3 What Role for Each Category of Actor? 193
5.3.1 Territorial Actors: Assessing the Health Impacts of Tourism Development 194
5.3.2 Health Actors: Taking Into Account the Fact of Tourism 195
5.3.3 Tourism Stakeholders: Linking Tourism and Health 196
5.4 Transforming Tourism: Goal 3 of the Berlin Declaration 198
Conclusion 201
References 205
Index 221
