Injury Biomechanics and Control
Optimal Protection from Impact
1. Auflage Dezember 2009
304 Seiten, Hardcover
Wiley & Sons Ltd
With this book as their guide, readers will discover how to design
better protective equipment and devices such as helmets, seat
belts, and wheelchairs in order to minimize the risk or the extent
of injury to people subjected to impact loads. It is based on the
theory of optimal shock isolation, first developed in the 1950s to
protect missile systems from intensive shock loads.
Using examples from automotive, aviation, and military areas,
the authors demonstrate how optimal shock isolation theory enables
designers to improve the performance of protective equipment by
incorporating control and optimization methods developed for shock
isolation systems.
The first part of Injury Biomechanics and Control lays
down the engineering foundation, setting forth core principles and
techniques, including:
* Fundamentals of impact and shock isolation systems
* Basic optimal shock isolation for single-degree-of-freedom
systems
* Optimal shock isolation for multi-degree-of-freedom systems
The second part applies the principles set forth in the first
part to solve real-world problems, using simple mathematical models
that simulate the mechanical response of human bodies to impact
loads in order to optimize shock isolation systems. This book
enables scientists, engineers, and students in mechanical,
biomechanical, and biomedical engineering to fully realize the
potential of shock isolation methods for the development of
protective equipment and devices.
BASIC TERMINOLOGY.
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION.
1.1 The Structure of the Book.
1.2 Related Studies.
References.
CHAPTER 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF IMPACT AND SHOCK
ISOLATION.
2.1 Shock Loading: Basic Models and Characteristics.
2.2 Shock Isolation.
2.3 The Isolator as a Control Medium: Active and Passive
Isolators.
2.4 Does Isolation of an Object from the Base Always Lead to a
Reduction in the Shock Load Transmitted to the Object?.
References.
CHAPTER 3 BASIC OPTIMAL SHOCK ISOLATION: SINGLE DEGREE
OF FREEDOM SYSTEMS.
3.1 Basic Problems.
3.2 Limiting Performance Analysis: Basic Concept and Analytical
Results.
3.3 Limiting Performance Analysis: Computational Approach.
3.4 Parametric Optimization.
3.5 Pre-Acting Control for Shock Isolators.
3.6 Best and Worst Disturbance Analyses.
References.
CHAPTER 4 OPTIMAL SHOCK ISOLATION FOR MULTI-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM
SYSTEMS.
4.1 Optimal Shock Isolation for a
Two-Component Viscoelastic Object.
4.2 Optimal Shock Isolation for Three-Component Structures.
References.
CHAPTER 5 SPINAL INJURY CONTROL.
5.1 Description of the Model.
5.2 Minimization of the Occupant's Displacement subject to
a Constraint Imposed on the Spinal Compressive Force.
5.3 Spinal Injury Control System with two Shock Isolators.
5.4 MADYMO Simulation for the Limiting Performance Analysis.
References.
CHAPTER 6 THORACIC INJURY CONTROL.
6.1 Smart Restraint Systems.
6.2 Basic Concept of Restraint Force Control.
6.3 Limiting Performance Analysis for the Prevention of Thoracic
Injuries in a Frontal Car Crash.
6.4 Feedback Control of the Elastic Restraint Force on the Basis
of the Two-Mass Thorax Injury Model.
6.5 Conclusions.
References.
CHAPTER 7 HEAD INJURY CONTROL.
7.1 Head Injury Criterion: Historical Perspectives.
7.2 Minimization of the Deceleration Distance for Constrained
HIC.
7.3 Minimization of the HIC for Constrained Deceleration
Distance.
7.4 Alternative Control Laws.
References.
CHAPTER 8 INJURY CONTROL FOR WHEELCHAIR
OCCUPANTS.
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Optimal Shock Isolation of Single-Degree-of-Freedom
System.
8.3 Simulation Using MADYMO.
8.4 Discussion.
References.
Index.
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, with courtesy positions in
Plastic Surgery and Neurosurgery at the University of Virginia. He
received his BA, MS, and PhD from Washington State University,
Purdue University, and Penn State University, respectively.
Dmitry V. Balandin, Dsc (Physics And Mathematics), is the
Chair of Numerical and Functional Analysis at Nizhny Novgorod State
University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. His areas of expertise include
shock isolation, automatic control, and theoretical mechanics. He
received his MS, PhD, and DSc, from Nizhny Novgorod State
University, Institute for Problems in Mechanics of the USSR Academy
of Sciences, and Moscow State University, respectively.
Nikolai N. Bolotnik, Dsc (Physics And Mathematics), is
the head of the Laboratory of Robotics and Mechatronics at the
Institute for Problems in Mechanics of the Russian Academy of
Sciences, Moscow, Russia. His areas of expertise include optimal
control, shock isolation, and robotics. He received his MS, PhD,
and DSc degrees from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology,
Institute for Problems in Mechanics of the USSR Academy of
Sciences, and Moscow State University, respectively.
Jeff R. Crandall, PhD, received his BA degree from
Dartmouth College and his PhD from the University of Virginia,
where he is currently a professor in the Department of Mechanical
and Aerospace Engineering and Director of the Center for Applied
Biomechanics. His research involves characterizing human response
and injury during dynamic loading.
Sergey V. Purtsezov, PhD, received his MS and PhD degrees
from the Nizhny Novgorod State University, Russia, and is presently
a research scientist at the Center for Applied Biomechanics of the
University of Virginia. His research interests include shock
isolation, measurement, and modeling in biomechanics.
