Defensible Space on the Move

List of Figures vi

List of Tables viii

Glossary of Acronyms ix

Series Editors' Preface xi

Acknowledgements xii

Preface xiii

1 Defensible Space: An Introduction 1

2 Defensible Space Is Mobilised in England 32

3 Defensible Space Goes on Trial but Attracts Those in Power 64

4 Operationalising Defensible Space 102

Case Study ' The Mozart Estate: A Laboratory for Defensible Space' 141

5 Evaluations of Defensible Space 156

6 The Uptake and Resilience of Defensible Space Ideas 187

7 Defensible Space: A Common Sense, Middle-range Theory 219

References 251

Index 279

'Design against crime? What could be better! This compelling story of where 'defensible space' came from, how the idea has changed, and what difference it has made to cities and social life is unputdownable. It turns on a riveting account of the individuals who championed (and some who resisted) the concept - a band of unlikely influencers whose mix of conviction, charisma and common sense became embedded in domestic space.'
Susan J. Smith, Mistress of Girton College and Honorary Professor of Social and Economic Geography, University of Cambridge, UK

'This book by Loretta Lees and Elanor Warwick is essentially a great detective story - a whodunnit of how allegedly research-based theory can translate into policy and ultimately into accepted practice. There is a cast of many well-known characters whose interaction on the question of whether physical determinism can affect human behaviour is rich and fascinating. With planning and urban design again at the centre of politics, this book is an essential source.'
Ben Derbyshire, Chair of HTA Design LLP, Former Past President of RIBA and Historic England Commissioner

'Rarely do I savour a book with such enthusiasm, absorbed by the detail and delighted by the presentation. This is the missing text that I have craved - a text that explains, in meticulous detail, how the rather abstract concept of Defensible Space managed to jump the gap between theoretical and practical knowledge and successfully embed itself into practice.'
Rachel Armitage, Professor of Criminology, University of Huddersfield, UK


'Defensible Space on the Move is a fine historiography based on meticulous research and a forensic investigative approach to its subject matter. The book will appeal to a broad readership, including academic researchers, policy makers, students, and lay people. The book is seminal in its careful documentation, and discussion, of one of the more important ideas about what the good city is or ought to be. Through a careful assembling of material, the authors have elevated, and enhanced, the understanding about policy mobilities, in which the fluid, often contradictory, and messy nature of practice is highlighted.'
Rob Imrie (reviewing in Buildings & Cities)

Loretta Lees is an urban geographer who is internationally known for her research on gentrification/urban regeneration, global urbanism, urban policy, urban public space, critical geographies of architecture, and urban social theory. She has been identified as the only woman in the top 20 most referenced authors in urban geography worldwide (Urban Studies, 2017). Since 2009 she has co-organised The Urban Salon: A London Forum for Architecture, Cities and International Urbanism. She is also a Scholar-Activist who supports, and co-produces research with, community groups and social movements, most recently with respect to the demolition of council estates in London. She is the current Chair of the London Housing Panel funded by the GLA and Trust for London; and the incoming Director of the Initiative on Cities at Boston University, USA.

Elanor Warwick worked as an architect and urban designer before focusing on built environment research, particularly design quality and the delivery of good, affordable housing and places. As Head of Research at CABE (Commission for Architecture and Built Environment), she delivered research to shape the policy for a wide range of Central Government Departments (MHCLG, DfE, HO, and the Treasury) and the Greater London Authority. She now works within the social housing sector leading the research and policy team at Clarion Housing Group, England's largest housing association, whilst continuing to teach and supervise postgraduate students at UCL and Cambridge Universities.