Lung Function

Preface xxvii

Contributors xxix

Part I Introduction 1

1 How We Came to Have Lungs and How Our Understanding of Lung Function has Developed 3

Part II Foundations 21

2 Getting Started 23

3 Development and Functional Anatomy of the Respiratory System 33
Sungmi Jung and Richard Fraser

4 Body Size and Anthropometric Measurements 45

5 Numerical Interpretation of Physiological Variables 57
J. Martin Bland

6 Basic Terminology and Gas Laws 75
Adrian Kendrick

7 Basic Equipment and Measurement Techniques 91
Brendan G. Cooper

8 Respiratory Surveys 117
Peter G.J. Burney

9 The Application of Analytical Technique Applied to Expired Air as a Means of Monitoring Airway and Lung Function 129
Paolo Paredi and Peter Barnes

Part III Physiology and Measurement of Lung Function 149

10 Chest Wall and Respiratory Muscles 151
Andre De Troyer and John Moxham

11 Lung Volumes 177

12 Lung and Chest Wall Elasticity 187
G. John Gibson

13 Forced Ventilatory Volumes and Flows 203
Riccardo Pellegrino

14 Theory and Measurement of Respiratory Resistance 217
Jason H.T. Bates

15 The Control of Airway Function and the Assessment of Airway Calibre 231
Eric Derom

16 Ventilation, Blood Flow, and Their Inter-Relationships 259
G. Kim Prisk

17 Transfer of Gases into the Blood of Alveolar Capillaries 301
Eric Derom and Guy F. Joos

18 Transfer Factor (Tl) for carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) 313
Colin D.R. Borland and Mike Hughes

19 Oxygen 353
Dan S. Karbing and Stephen E. Rees

20 Carbon Dioxide 377
Erik R. Swenson

21 Control of Respiration 389
Bertien M.-A. Buyse

22 The Sensation of Breathing 407
Mathias Schroijen, Paul W. Davenport, Omer Van den Bergh, and Ilse Van Diest

23 Breathing Function in Newborn Babies 423
Urs P. Frey and Philipp Latzin

Part IV Normal Variation in Lung Function 435

24 Normal Lung Function from Childhood to Old Age 437
Andrew Bush and Michael D.L. Morgan

25 Reference Values for Lung Function in White Children and Adults 463

26 Reference Values for Lung Function in Non-White Adults and Children 499

Part V Exercise 517

27 Physiology of Exercise and Effects of Lung Disease on Performance 519

28 Exercise Testing and Interpretation, Including Reference Values 553

29 Assessment of Exercise Limitation, Disability, and Residual Ability 577

30 Exercise in Children 587
Andrew Bush

Part VI Breathing During Sleep 595

31 Breathing During Sleep and its Investigation 597
Joerg Steier

Part VII Potentially Adverse Environments 615

32 Hypobaria 617
James Milledge

33 Immersion in Water, Hyperbaria, and Hyperoxia Including Oxygen Therapy 639
Einar Thorsen

34 Effects of Cold and Heat on the Lung 653
Malcolm Sue-Chu

Part VIII Lung Function in Clinical Practice 661

35 Strategies for Assessment of Lung Function 663
James Hull

36 Patterns of Abnormal Lung Function in Lung Disease 673
William Kinnear

37 Lung Function in Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Lung Fibrosis 681
Wim Janssens and Pascal Van Bleyenbergh

38 Lung Function in Specific Respiratory and Systemic Diseases 697
Stephen J. Bourke

39 Pulmonary Rehabilitation 729
Sally Singh

40 Lung Function in Relation to Surgery, Anaesthesia, and Intensive Care 737
Goran Hedenstierna

Index 751

John Cotes, PhD, (deceased), was a respiratory physiologist who played a key role in the conquest of Everest in 1953. He also played prominent roles in the European Respiratory Society, the Thoracic Society, and the Association of Respiratory Technicians and Physiologists, and was an honorary fellow of the Faculty of Occupational Medicine.

Robert L. Maynard, CBE, FRCP, FRCPath, is an Honorary Professor of Environmental Medicine at the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.

Sarah J. Pearce, FRCP, is Formerly Consultant Physician at County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust, Darlington, UK.

Benoit B. Nemery, MD, PhD, is Professor of Toxicology & Occupational Medicine for the Faculty of Medicine at the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Belgium.

Peter D. Wagner, MD, is Distinguished Professor of Medicine & Bioengineering at the University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.

Brendan G. Cooper, PhD, FERS, FRSB, is Consultant Clinical Scientist in Respiratory and Sleep Physiology at University Hospital Birmingham and holds an Honorary Professorship in Respiratory & Sleep Physiology at the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.

J. E. Cotes, University of Newcastle Medical School, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; R. L. Maynard, Skipton House, London, UK; B. B. Nemery, Catholic University of Leuven