Scramjet Propulsion
A Practical Introduction
Aerospace Series (PEP)
1. Auflage Dezember 2022
512 Seiten, Hardcover
Praktikerbuch
Weitere Versionen
Scramjet Propulsion
Explore the cutting edge of HAP technologies with this comprehensive resource from an international leader in her field
Scramjet Propulsion: A Practical Introduction delivers a comprehensive treatment of hypersonic air breathing propulsion and its applications. The book covers the most up-to-date hypersonic technologies, like endothermic fuels, fuel injection and flameholding systems, high temperature materials, and TPS, and offers technological overviews of hypersonic flight platforms like the X-43A, X-51A, and HiFIRE. It is organized around easy-to-understand explanations of technical challenges and provides extensive references for the information contained within.
The highly accomplished author provides readers with a fulsome description of the theoretical underpinnings of hypersonic technologies, as well as critical design and technology issues affecting hypersonic air breathing propulsion technologies. The book's combination of introductory theory and advanced instruction about individual hypersonic engine components is ideal for students and practitioners in fields as diverse as hypersonic vehicle and propulsion development for missile defense technologies, launch aerospaceplanes, and civilian transports. Over 250 illustrations and tables round out the material. Readers will also learn from:
* A thorough introduction to hypersonic flight, hypersonic vehicle concepts, and a review of fundamental principles in hypersonic air breathing propulsion
* Explorations of the aerothermodynamics of scramjet engines and the design of scramjet components, as well as hypersonic air breathing propulsion combustors and fuels
* Analyses of dual-mode combustion phenomena, materials structures, and thermal management in hypersonic vehicles, and combined cycle propulsion
* An examination of CFD analysis, ground and flight testing, and simulation
Perfect for researchers and graduate students in aerospace engineering, Scramjet Propulsion: A Practical Introduction is also an indispensable addition to the libraries of engineers working on hypersonic vehicle development seeking a state-of-the-art resource in one of the most potentially disruptive areas of aerospace research today.
Chapter 1 Introduction to Hypersonic Air Breathing Propulsion 1
1.1 Hypersonic Flow and Hypersonic Flight 3
1.2 Chemical Propulsion Systems 5
1.3 Classes of Hypersonic Vehicles 11
1.4 Scramjet Engine-Vehicle Integration 14
1.5 Chemical Propulsion Performance Comparison 15
1.6 Hypersonic Air Breathing Propulsion Historical Overview 17
1.7 Scramjet Flight Demonstration Programs 24
1.8 New Hypersonic Air Breathing Propulsion Programs 27
1.9 Critical Technologies 30
1.10 Critical Design Issues 33
References 36
Chapter 2 Theoretical Background
2.1 Atmospheric Flight
2.2 Air Thermodynamic Models
2.3 Fundamental Equations
2.4 Thermodynamic Cycle of Air-Breathing Propulsion
2.5 Air-Breathing Propulsion Performance Measures
2.6 Shock Waves in Hypersonic Flow
2.7 One-Dimensional Flow with Heat Addition
2.8 Closing Remarks
References
Chapter 3 Aerothermodynamics of Vehicle-Integrated Scramjet
3.1 Aerothermodynamic Environment
3.2 Hypersonic Viscous Flow Phenomena
3.3 Laminar to Turbulent Transition in Hypersonic Flows
3.4 Hypersonic Flowfield for Propulsion-Integrated Vehicles
3.5 Convective Heat Transfer or Aerodynamic Heating
3.6 NASA X-43A Leading Edge Flight Hardware
3.7 Inlet Shock-On Lip Condition or Inlet Speeding
3.8 Shock-Boundary Layer Interactions in the Propulsion Flowpath
3.9 Inlet Unstart
3.10 Closing Remarks
References
Chapter 4 Scramjet Inlet/Forebody and Isolator
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Engine Inlet Function and Design Requirements
4.3 Inlet Types
4.4 Inlet Compression System Performance
4.5 Hypersonic Inlet Design
4.6 Inlet Operation: Start and Unstart
4.7 Inlet Aerodynamics
4.8 Isolator
References
Chapter 5 Scramjet Combustor
5.1 Combustor Process Desired Properties
5.2 Combustor Entrance Conditions
5.3 Combustion Stoichiometry
5.4 Combustion Flowfield
5.5 Scramjet Combustor Geometry
5.6 Scramjet Combustor Design Issues
5.7 Closing Remarks
References
Chapter 6 Fuels for Hypersonic Air-Breathing Propulsion
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Endothermic Fuels
6.3 Heat Sink Capacity of Hydrogen and Endothermic Fuels
6.4 Fuel Heat Sink Requirements
6.5 Ignition Characteristics of Fuels
6.6 Mixing Characteristics of Cracked Hydrocarbon Fuels
6.7 Structural and Heat Transfer Considerations
6.8 Fuel System Integration and Control
6.9 Combustor Technical Challenges with Hydrocarbon Fuels
6.10 Impact of Fuel Selection on Hypersonic Vehicle Design
6.11 Fuels Research for Air-Breathing Propulsion
References
Chapter 7 Dual-Mode Combustion Scramjet
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Phenomenological Description of Dual-Mode Scramjet
7.3 Heat Addition to Flow in Constant Area Duct
7.4 Divergent Combustor and Heat Release
7.5 Combustor Mode Transition Studies
7.6 Closing Remarks
References
Chapter 8 Scramjet Nozzle/Aftbody
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Nozzle Geometric Configurations
8.3 Nozzle Performance Parameters
8.4 Nozzle Flow Losses
8.5 SERN Design
8.6 Nozzle Ground Testing Issues
8.7 Special Topics for Further Research
8.8 Closing Remarks
References
Chapter 9 Materials, Structures, and Thermal Management
9.1 Hypersonic Flight Mission Characteristics
9.2 Aerodynamic Heating
9.3 Hypersonic Integrated Structures
9.4 High Temperature Materials Requirements and Properties
9.5 Selected Materials for Hypersonics
9.6 Examples of Vehicle Development Structure and Materials
9.7 Materials and Structures Technical Challenges
References
Chapter 10 Scramjets and Combined Cycle Propulsion
10.1 Aerospace Propulsion
10.2 Combined Cycle Propulsion for Hypersonic Cruise
10.3 From Take-off to Hypersonic Cruise
10.4 Ideal Cycle Analysis of Turbojet and Ramjet Engines
10.5 One-Stage and Two-Stage to Orbit Concepts
10.6 Propulsion for Spaceplanes
10.7 Hydrogen for Hypersonic Air-Breathing Propulsion
10.8 Technical Challenges for Combined Cycle Propulsion
10.9 Closing Remarks
References
Chapter 11 Ground Testing and Evaluation
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Airframe/Propulsion Integrated Vehicle Design Requirements
11.3 Ground Testing Overview
11.4 Ground Testing for the NASA Hyper-X Program
11.5 Ground Testing for the USAF X-51A Waverider
11.6 ONERA Ground Testing for the European LAPCAT2 Combustor
11.7 Vitiated versus Clean Air Hypersonic Wind Tunnel
11.8 Diagnostics and Measurements for Scramjet Combustion
Chapter 12 Analysis, Computational Modeling and Simulation
12.1 Overview of Computational Fluid Dynamics and Turbulence
12.2 Surrogate-based analysis and optimization (SBAO)
12.3 Flowfield in Highly Integrated Hypersonic Airbreathing Vehicle
12.4 NASA Hyper-X Program Computational Modeling Requirements
12.5 Overview of Selected CFD Analysis Cases
12.6 Closing Remarks
Chapter 13 Hypersonic Air-Breathing Flight Testing
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Flight Operational Envelope
13.3 Flight Test Technique Concepts
13.4 NASA Air-lifted, Rocket-boosted Approach
13.5 Australia/USA Flight Experiments with Sounding Rockets
13.6 Russia CIAM and NASA Partnership for Scramjet Flight Testing
13.7 Hypersonic Flight Demonstration Program (HyFly)
13.8 Phoenix Air-Launched Small Missile (ALSM)
13.9 Gun-Launched Scramjet Missile Testing
13.10 X-43A Flight Test Mishap
13.11 Ending Remarks
Postscript
Glossary
Nomenclature
Index
