Microbiology
International Adaptation
3. Auflage Februar 2022
1024 Seiten, Softcover
Wiley & Sons Ltd
ISBN:
978-1-119-70176-7
John Wiley & Sons
Weitere Versionen
Microbiology is a comprehensive textbook that facilitates a thorough understanding of the scope, nature, and complexity of the science of microscopic organisms. It gives a balanced presentation of foundational concepts, real-world applications, and current research and experimentation. The text approaches the subject within the context of exploration and experimentation, integrating a wealth of classroom-tested pedagogical features. The material is organized around the three pillars of physiology, ecology, and genetics -- helping students appreciate the interconnected and dynamic nature of microbiology and explore the relationship between different types of microbes, other organisms, and the environment. This international adaptation contains up-to-date coverage of topics including DNA replication and gene expression, viral pathogenesis, microbial biotechnology, adaptive immunity, the control of infectious diseases, and the microbiology of food and water. It also offers integrated coverage of SARS-CoV-2 and the impacts of COVID-19, relating it to the importance of an interdisciplinary response to a global pandemic. It also focuses on strengthening the organization of the content and updating the end of chapter problems
PART I The Microbes
1 The Microbial World
1.1The Microbes
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research The Three Domains of Life
Toolbox 1.1 Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification of rRNA Genes
1.2Microbial Physiology, Genetics, and Cultivation
Outlook 1.1 Creating Life in the Laboratory: The Miller-Urey Experiment
1.3Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology
1.4 Microbes Associated with Diseases
2 Bacteria and Archaea
2.1Morphology of Bacterial Cells
Outlook 2.1 Making the Microbiology Laboratory Accessible
2.2The Cytoplasm
2.3The Cytoskeleton
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Magnetosomes: Uncovering the Structure of Bacterial Organelles
2.4The Cell Envelope
Toolbox 2.1 The Gram Stain
Outlook 2.2 The Protective Shells of Endospores
2.5The Cell Surface
2.6 Evolution of Archaea
2.7 Morphology of Archaeal Cells
2.8Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research The Role of Archaea in Our Digestive System
Outlook 2.3 Extremophiles and Biotechnology
3 Eukaryotic Microorganisms
3.1Structure of Eukaryotic Cells
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Lipid Rafts: Organized Clustering of Lipids within a Membrane
Toolbox 3.1 Using Microscopy to Examine Cell Structure
Outlook 3.1 Hijacking the Cytoskeleton
3.2Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms
3.3Replication of Eukaryotic Microorganisms
3.4The Origin of Eukaryotic Cells
Outlook 3.2 Secondary endosymbiosis: The origins of an organelle with four membranes
3.5Interactions Between Eukaryotic Microorganisms and Animals, Plants, and the Environment
4 Virology
4.1A Basic Overview of Viruses
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research New Findings in the Packaging of DNA by the Model Bacteriophage T4
4.2Origins of Viruses
Outlook 4.1 Ribozymes: Evidence for an RNA-Based World
4.3Cultivation, Purification, and Quantification of Viruses
Toolbox 4.1 Cell Culture Techniques
Outlook 4.2 Measurement of HIV Viral Load
4.4Diversity of Viruses
Toolbox 4.2 Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)
4.5Virus-Like Agents
4.6Present Prospective in Virology
5 Microbial Metabolism
5.1Acquisition of Carbon, Energy, and Electrons
5.2Energy, Enzymes, and ATP
Outlook 5.1 Who Needs Vitamins?
5.3ATP Synthesis
5.4Metabolism of Glucose Carbon Sources
5.5Respiration and the Electron Transport System
Outlook 5.2 Electricigenic Bacteria and Microbial Fuel Cells
5.6Metabolism of Non-glucose Carbon Sources
Toolbox 5.1 Metabolism and Rapid Bacterial Identification Systems
5.7Phototrophy and Photosynthesis
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Genome Sequence of a Deep Sea Symbiont
5.8Metabolism of Nitrogen and Sulfur
5.9Biosynthesis of Cellular Components
PART II Microbial Genetics
6 Cultivating Microorganisms
6.1Factors Affecting Microbial Growth
Toolbox 6.1 Phenotype Microarrays for Examining Microbial Growth
6.2Growing Microorganisms in the Laboratory
Outlook 6.1 The Discovery of Helicobacter pylori
Toolbox 6.2 FISHING for Uncultivated Microorganisms
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Bringing to Life the Previously Unculturable Using the Soil Substrate Membrane System (SSMS)
6.3Measuring Microbial Growth
Outlook 6.2 Mycobacterium leprae, An Extraordinarily Slow-growing Pathogen
Outlook 6.3 The Human Intestine: A Continuous Culture
6.4Preventing Microbial Growth
7 DNA Replication and Gene Expression
7.1The Role of DNA
7.2Replication of DNA
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Telomeres with Promoter Activity
7.3Transcription
Toolbox 7.1 Using a Gel Shift Assay to Identify DNA-binding Proteins
7.4Translation
7.5The Effects of Mutations
Outlook 7.1 Using Mutations to Control Viral Infections
8 Viral and their Replication
8.1Recognition of Host Cells
Outlook 8.1 Identifying Emerging Viral Pathogens
Toolbox 8.1 The Western Blot
8.2Viral Penetration and Uncoating
8.3Viral Replication
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research The Discovery of Reverse Transcriptase
Outlook 8.2 Phage Therapy: Biocontrol for Infections
8.4Viral Assembly and Release
9 Bacterial Genetic Analysis and Manipulation
9.1Bacteria as Subjects of Genetic Research
9.2Mutations, Mutants, and Strains
Toolbox 9.1 Isolating Nutritional Mutants
9.3Restriction Enzymes, Vectors, and Cloning
9.4Recombination and DNA Transfer
Outlook 9.1 Plasmids That Produce Pathogens
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research The Discovery of Transduction
10 Microbial Genomics
10.1Genome Sequencing
Outlook 10.1 Rate of DNA Sequencing
Toolbox 10.1 Genome databases
10.2Genomic Analysis of Gene Expression
10.3Comparative Genomics
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Genome Sequence of a Killer Bug
Outlook 10.2 The Minimal Genome
10.4Functional Genomics and Related Analyses
11 Regulation of Gene Expression
11.1Differential Gene Expression
11.2The Operon
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Tuning Promoters for Use in Synthetic Biology
11.3Global Gene Regulation
Outlook 11.1 The Use of Lactose Analogs in Gene Expression Studies
11.4Post-Initiation Control of Gene Expression
Toolbox 11.1 Using RNA molecules to decrease gene expression
11.5Quorum Sensing and Biofilm formation
11.6Two-Component Regulatory Systems
11.7Chemotaxis
PART III Microbial Physiology and Ecology
12 Microbial Ecosystems
12.1Microbes in the Environment
12.2Microbial Community Analysis
Toolbox 12.1 Flow Cytometry
Outlook 12.1 Naming the Uncultured and Uncharacterized
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Insights into the Phylogeny and Coding Potential of Microbial Dark Matter
12.3Aquatic Ecosystems
Outlook 12.2 Dead Zones
12.4Terrestrial Ecosystems
12.5Deep Subsurface and Geothermal Ecosystems
13 Symbiotic Microbiome
13.1Types of Microbe-Host Interactions
13.2Plant Microbiome
Outlook 13.1 The Possible Impossible Vegan Patty
13.3Human Microbiome
Toolbox 13.1 Germ-free and Gnotobiotic Animals
Outlook 13.2 Food Probiotics--Do They Work?
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Fecal Bacteriotherapy: "Repoopulation" of the Gut
13.4Herbivore's Microbiome
Outlook 13.3 Midichlorians--Not Just for Jedi
Outlook 13.4 Death of Coral Reefs
14 Biogeochemical Cycles
14.1Nutrient Cycling
Toolbox 14.1 Using Microarrays to Examine Microbial Communities: The GeoChip
14.2Cycling Driven by Carbon Metabolism
Outlook 14.1 CO2 as a Greenhouse Gas and Its Influence on Climate Change
14.3Cycling Driven by Nitrogen Metabolism
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research The First Isolation and Cultivation of a Marine Archaeon
14.4Other Cycles and their Connections
Outlook 14.2 Life in a World without Microbes
Outlook 14.3 The Microbiology of Environmentally Toxic Acid Mine Drainage
Toolbox 14.2 Biogeochemistry in a Bottle: The Winogradsky Column
15 Microbial Biotechnology
15.1Microorganisms for Biotechnology
Outlook 15.1 Bioprospecting: Who Owns the Microbes?
15.2Genetic Engineering
Toolbox 15.1 Site-Directed Mutagenesis
Toolbox 15.2 Fusion Protein Purification
1 The Microbial World
1.1The Microbes
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research The Three Domains of Life
Toolbox 1.1 Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification of rRNA Genes
1.2Microbial Physiology, Genetics, and Cultivation
Outlook 1.1 Creating Life in the Laboratory: The Miller-Urey Experiment
1.3Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology
1.4 Microbes Associated with Diseases
2 Bacteria and Archaea
2.1Morphology of Bacterial Cells
Outlook 2.1 Making the Microbiology Laboratory Accessible
2.2The Cytoplasm
2.3The Cytoskeleton
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Magnetosomes: Uncovering the Structure of Bacterial Organelles
2.4The Cell Envelope
Toolbox 2.1 The Gram Stain
Outlook 2.2 The Protective Shells of Endospores
2.5The Cell Surface
2.6 Evolution of Archaea
2.7 Morphology of Archaeal Cells
2.8Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research The Role of Archaea in Our Digestive System
Outlook 2.3 Extremophiles and Biotechnology
3 Eukaryotic Microorganisms
3.1Structure of Eukaryotic Cells
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Lipid Rafts: Organized Clustering of Lipids within a Membrane
Toolbox 3.1 Using Microscopy to Examine Cell Structure
Outlook 3.1 Hijacking the Cytoskeleton
3.2Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms
3.3Replication of Eukaryotic Microorganisms
3.4The Origin of Eukaryotic Cells
Outlook 3.2 Secondary endosymbiosis: The origins of an organelle with four membranes
3.5Interactions Between Eukaryotic Microorganisms and Animals, Plants, and the Environment
4 Virology
4.1A Basic Overview of Viruses
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research New Findings in the Packaging of DNA by the Model Bacteriophage T4
4.2Origins of Viruses
Outlook 4.1 Ribozymes: Evidence for an RNA-Based World
4.3Cultivation, Purification, and Quantification of Viruses
Toolbox 4.1 Cell Culture Techniques
Outlook 4.2 Measurement of HIV Viral Load
4.4Diversity of Viruses
Toolbox 4.2 Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)
4.5Virus-Like Agents
4.6Present Prospective in Virology
5 Microbial Metabolism
5.1Acquisition of Carbon, Energy, and Electrons
5.2Energy, Enzymes, and ATP
Outlook 5.1 Who Needs Vitamins?
5.3ATP Synthesis
5.4Metabolism of Glucose Carbon Sources
5.5Respiration and the Electron Transport System
Outlook 5.2 Electricigenic Bacteria and Microbial Fuel Cells
5.6Metabolism of Non-glucose Carbon Sources
Toolbox 5.1 Metabolism and Rapid Bacterial Identification Systems
5.7Phototrophy and Photosynthesis
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Genome Sequence of a Deep Sea Symbiont
5.8Metabolism of Nitrogen and Sulfur
5.9Biosynthesis of Cellular Components
PART II Microbial Genetics
6 Cultivating Microorganisms
6.1Factors Affecting Microbial Growth
Toolbox 6.1 Phenotype Microarrays for Examining Microbial Growth
6.2Growing Microorganisms in the Laboratory
Outlook 6.1 The Discovery of Helicobacter pylori
Toolbox 6.2 FISHING for Uncultivated Microorganisms
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Bringing to Life the Previously Unculturable Using the Soil Substrate Membrane System (SSMS)
6.3Measuring Microbial Growth
Outlook 6.2 Mycobacterium leprae, An Extraordinarily Slow-growing Pathogen
Outlook 6.3 The Human Intestine: A Continuous Culture
6.4Preventing Microbial Growth
7 DNA Replication and Gene Expression
7.1The Role of DNA
7.2Replication of DNA
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Telomeres with Promoter Activity
7.3Transcription
Toolbox 7.1 Using a Gel Shift Assay to Identify DNA-binding Proteins
7.4Translation
7.5The Effects of Mutations
Outlook 7.1 Using Mutations to Control Viral Infections
8 Viral and their Replication
8.1Recognition of Host Cells
Outlook 8.1 Identifying Emerging Viral Pathogens
Toolbox 8.1 The Western Blot
8.2Viral Penetration and Uncoating
8.3Viral Replication
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research The Discovery of Reverse Transcriptase
Outlook 8.2 Phage Therapy: Biocontrol for Infections
8.4Viral Assembly and Release
9 Bacterial Genetic Analysis and Manipulation
9.1Bacteria as Subjects of Genetic Research
9.2Mutations, Mutants, and Strains
Toolbox 9.1 Isolating Nutritional Mutants
9.3Restriction Enzymes, Vectors, and Cloning
9.4Recombination and DNA Transfer
Outlook 9.1 Plasmids That Produce Pathogens
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research The Discovery of Transduction
10 Microbial Genomics
10.1Genome Sequencing
Outlook 10.1 Rate of DNA Sequencing
Toolbox 10.1 Genome databases
10.2Genomic Analysis of Gene Expression
10.3Comparative Genomics
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Genome Sequence of a Killer Bug
Outlook 10.2 The Minimal Genome
10.4Functional Genomics and Related Analyses
11 Regulation of Gene Expression
11.1Differential Gene Expression
11.2The Operon
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Tuning Promoters for Use in Synthetic Biology
11.3Global Gene Regulation
Outlook 11.1 The Use of Lactose Analogs in Gene Expression Studies
11.4Post-Initiation Control of Gene Expression
Toolbox 11.1 Using RNA molecules to decrease gene expression
11.5Quorum Sensing and Biofilm formation
11.6Two-Component Regulatory Systems
11.7Chemotaxis
PART III Microbial Physiology and Ecology
12 Microbial Ecosystems
12.1Microbes in the Environment
12.2Microbial Community Analysis
Toolbox 12.1 Flow Cytometry
Outlook 12.1 Naming the Uncultured and Uncharacterized
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Insights into the Phylogeny and Coding Potential of Microbial Dark Matter
12.3Aquatic Ecosystems
Outlook 12.2 Dead Zones
12.4Terrestrial Ecosystems
12.5Deep Subsurface and Geothermal Ecosystems
13 Symbiotic Microbiome
13.1Types of Microbe-Host Interactions
13.2Plant Microbiome
Outlook 13.1 The Possible Impossible Vegan Patty
13.3Human Microbiome
Toolbox 13.1 Germ-free and Gnotobiotic Animals
Outlook 13.2 Food Probiotics--Do They Work?
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Fecal Bacteriotherapy: "Repoopulation" of the Gut
13.4Herbivore's Microbiome
Outlook 13.3 Midichlorians--Not Just for Jedi
Outlook 13.4 Death of Coral Reefs
14 Biogeochemical Cycles
14.1Nutrient Cycling
Toolbox 14.1 Using Microarrays to Examine Microbial Communities: The GeoChip
14.2Cycling Driven by Carbon Metabolism
Outlook 14.1 CO2 as a Greenhouse Gas and Its Influence on Climate Change
14.3Cycling Driven by Nitrogen Metabolism
Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research The First Isolation and Cultivation of a Marine Archaeon
14.4Other Cycles and their Connections
Outlook 14.2 Life in a World without Microbes
Outlook 14.3 The Microbiology of Environmentally Toxic Acid Mine Drainage
Toolbox 14.2 Biogeochemistry in a Bottle: The Winogradsky Column
15 Microbial Biotechnology
15.1Microorganisms for Biotechnology
Outlook 15.1 Bioprospecting: Who Owns the Microbes?
15.2Genetic Engineering
Toolbox 15.1 Site-Directed Mutagenesis
Toolbox 15.2 Fusion Protein Purification
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