The Corrupting Sea

List of Maps vii

Acknowledgements ix

Note on References x

Abbreviations xi

Introduction 1

Part One: 'Frogs round a Pond': Ideas of the Mediterranean 7

I A Geographical Expression 9

1. What is the Mediterranean?;2. The Challenge of the Continents;3. The Mediterranean Disintegrated; 4. Intimations of Unity

II a Historian's Mediterranean 26

1. The Imaginary Sea; 2. Four Men in a Boat; 3. The End of the Mediterranean; 4. Mediterranean History; 5. Historical Ecology

Part Two: 'Short Distances and Definite Places': Mediterranean Microecologies 51

III Four Definite Places 53

1. The Biqa; 2. South Etruria; 3. The Green Mountain, Cyrenaica; 4. Melos; 5. 'La trame du monde'; 6. Mountains and Pastures; 7. Theodoric and Dante

IV Ecology and the Larger Settlement 89

1. An Urban Tradition; 2. Definitions; 3. The Urban Variable; 4. Types and Theories; 5. Consumption; 6. Settlement Ecology; 7. Autarky; 8. Dispersed Hinterlands

V Connectivity 123

1. Lines of Sound and Lines of Sight; 2. Extended Archipelagos; 3. Shipping Lanes; 4. Economies Compared; 5. The Early Medieval Depression; 6. Connectivity Maintained?; 7. Conclusion Copyrighted Material

Part Three: Revolution and Catastrophe 173

VI Imperatives of Survival: Diversify, Store, Redistribute 175

1. The History of Mediterranean Food Systems; 2. The New Ecological Economic History; 3. Understanding the Marginal; 4. The Integrated Mediterranean Forest; 5. The Underestimated Mediterranean Wetland; 6. 'These Places Feed Many Pickling-Fish .'; 7. Mediterranean Animal Husbandry; 8. Cereals and the Dry Margin; 9. The Case of the Tree-Crop; 10. The Mediterranean Garden; 11. The Smaller Mediterranean Island

VII Technology and Agrarian Change 231

1. Working the Soil; 2. The Irrigated Landscape; 3. On the Diversity of Cultivated Plants; 4. Abatement and Intensification; 5. Anatomy of the Mediterranean Countryman; 6. Colonizations and Allotments; 7. The Reception of Innovation

VIII Mediterranean Catastrophes 298

1. On the History of Catastrophe; 2. An Unstable World; 3. Alluvial Catastrophe and its Causes; 4. Sediments and History; 5. The History of Vegetation; 6. Environmental History without Catastrophe

IX Mobility of Goods and People 342

1. Inescapable Redistribution; 2. Animal, Vegetable and ; 3. The Problem of Mediterranean Textiles; 4. Problems with High Commerce; 5. The Ultimate Resource; 6. Organized Mobility; 7. Places of Redistribution

Part Four: The Geography of Religion 401

X 'territories of Grace' 403

1. Religion and the Physical Environment; 2. A Perilous Environment; 3. The Sacralized Economy; 4. The Religion of Mobility; 5. The Religion of Boundary and Belonging

Part Five: 'Museums of Man'? The Uses of Social Anthropology 461

XI 'mists of Time': Anthropology and Continuity 463

1. Survivals Revisited; 2. Balanced Arcadias; 3. The Presence of the Past; 4. Upstreaming

XII 'i also Have a Moustache': Anthropology and

Mediterranean Unity 485

1. Grands faits méditerranéens?; 2. Mediterranean Values?; 3. Honour and Shame I; 4. Honour and Shame II; 5. Honour in the City; 6. Pattern and Depth; 7. Distinctiveness; 8. Origins; 9. History; 10. The Case for Mediterraneanism

Bibliographical Essays 530

Consolidated Bibliography 642

Index 737

"The Corrupting Sea is a book that all classicists
should read." Classical Review

"In their book The Corrupting Sea, Horden and Purcell
have engaged in one of the most relentless intellectual
reassessments to have been undertaken in recent times of the
history of the pre-industrial Mediterranean. One seldom emerges
from a book as rich as this, having had so many firmly-held notions
shaken out of one's mind and having glimpsed so many enthralling
new vistas on a once-familiar past." Professor Peter Brown,
Princeton University

"To bring together the economic and social history of so many
periods and places within the great story of the Mediterranean is a
remarkable achievement and Peregrine Horden and Nicholas Purcell
should be congratulated upon it." Professor Colin Renfrew,
McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of
Cambridge

"In recreating the Mediterranean for the new millennium, the
authors offer a substantial achievement that challenges many
long-held assumptions not only about the Mediterranean, but also
about human relations with the environment and even the very nature
of historical writing. It certainly deserves to provoke discussion
among scholars from fields as broad as its own grand scope."
Times Higher Education Supplement

"The Corrupting Sea is a book of magisterial synthesis
and scholarship - a huge multi-disciplinary literature turned into
a narrative that is at once comprehensive, enjoyable, quirky and
thought-provoking." Antiquity

"This book will be indispensable for the serious student of the
Mediterranean past and present." CHOICE

"This is an important book that presents a powerful and original
model of Mediterranean history that will be used, debated, and
criticized by historians of all periods for years to come."
English Historical Review

"Horden and Purcell's new Mediterranean panorama, which will
take a generation of historians to digest and implement, forms one
of those manifest watersheds in the study of antiquity." Journal
of Roman Archaeology

"This book amounts to an often fascinating, and unerringly
useful, compendium." International History Review

"Here a generation of ecological historians ... has led the way.
Horden and Purcell have synthesized that literature, extended its
reach into the Middle Ages, and made it accessible to the general
medievalist." Speculum

"This impressive work synthesizes a vast amount of historical,
geographical, archaelogical, and ethnographic knowledge about the
Mediterranean region." Historical Geography

Peregrine Horden is Wellcome Trust Research Lecturer in the History of Medicine, Royal Holloway, University of London. Nicholas Purcell is Fellow and Tutor in Ancient History, St John's College, Oxford. They began studying Mediterranean history when both were Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford.

P. Horden, Royal Holloway, University of London; N. Purcell, St John's College, Oxford