Nondestructive Testing of Deep Foundations
1. Auflage Juni 2006
290 Seiten, Hardcover
Wiley & Sons Ltd
Kurzbeschreibung
This manual describes the most commonly used deep foundation construction techniques, typical use of materials and the NDT methods commercially available . Descriptions of methods increase reader understanding through a brief history of method development and a summary of method capabilities and limitations.
In modern structural and civil engineering, non-destructive testing is an invaluable engineering tool, allowing engineers to assess and test a building's structural integrity at any stage of the structural life cycle, from construction to demolition, and assess all parts of the structure from the foundations up. Non-destructive testing uses key physical principles such as wave propagation, elasticity, electromagnetism, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, to test, assess, and subsequently allow for the resolution of possible structural problems before they become significant or cause failure.
This highly useful manual:
* Covers all commercially viable non-destructive foundation test methods for the most commonly used deep foundation construction techniques
* Includes a brief history of the development of all commercially available test methods
* Summarises each method's capabilities and limitations
* Acts as an excellent reference tool drawing together resources not previously available in one volume
Non-Destructive Testing of Deep Foundations integrates past and modern NDT practices with a review of emerging technologies, making this both a highly useful teaching aid for researchers, lecturers, and postgraduate students in civil/structural, geotechnical engineering, and architecture, as well as a handy reference tool for the practising engineer.
PREFACE.
ABOUT THE AUTHORS.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
PHOTOGRAPHY AND ILLUSTRATION CREDITS.
1 INTRODUCTION AND A BRIEF HISTORY.
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 A Brief History of Deep Foundations and the Advent of NDT.
1.3 Deep Foundation Failures and ND.
1.4 Deficiencies in Existing Foundations.
2 COMMONLY USED DEEP FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION METHODS.
2.1 Driven Piles - Timber, Steel and Concrete.
2.2 Caissons and Drilled Shafts.
2.3 Diaphragm Walls, Cut-off Walls and Barrettes.
2.4 Augured, Cast-in-place Pile.
2.5 Micropiles or Minipiles.
2.6 Stone Columns and other Soil Improvement Techniques.
3 HOW SOILS AFFECT THE CHOICE OF FOUNDATION TYPE.
4 TRADITIONAL, VISUAL AND NEW INSPECTION METHODS FOR DEEP FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION.
1.1 Driven Piles.
4.2 Augured Cast-in-place Piles.
4.3 Drilled Shafts.
4.4 The Inspector's Role.
5 A REVIEW OF FULL-SCALE LOAD-TESTING TECHNIQUES.
5.1 Static Load-test Techniques - Axial Compression.
5.2 Static Load-test Techniques - Axial Tension.
5.3 Static Load-test Techniques - Lateral.
6 HIGH-STRAIN TESTING FOR CAPACITY AND/OR INTEGRITY.
6.1 High-strain Dynamic (Drop-weight) Testing of Driven Piles.
6.2 High-strain Testing of Drilled Shafts and Augered, Cast-in-place Piles.
6.3 Modification of Shaft Head for High-strain Tests.
6.4 Practical Considerations for Drop-weight Techniques.
6.5 HSDT Alternatives.
6.6 Limitations of High-strain Dynamic Testing.
7 LOW-STRAIN SURFACE TESTS - SONIC ECHO.
7.1 Sonic Echo (Impulse Echo).
8 SONIC MOBILITY (IMPULSE RESPONSE).
8.1 Principles of Impulse-Response Curve Interpretation.
8.2 Practical Considerations.
8.3 Classification of Signal Responses.
8.4 Pile Simulation Techniques.
8.5 Time Domain-Velocity Reflectors.
9 THE IMPEDANCE-LOG ANALYSIS.
10 LOW-STRAIN DOWN-HOLE TESTS.
10.1 Introduction.
10.2 Cross-Hole Sonic Logging.
10.3 Cross-Hole Tomography.
10.4 Single-Hole Sonic Logging.
10.5 Gamma-Gamma Logging.
10.6 Parallel Seismic Testing.
11 FIELD MOCK-UPS OF DEEP FOUNDATIONS: CLASS-A PREDICTIONS.
12 THE RELIABILITY OF PILE SHAFT INTEGRITY TESTING.
12.1 Statistical NDT Sampling Schemes.
12.2 Methodology Reliability.
13 CURRENT RESEARCH.
13.1 Developments in Measurements and Analysis.
13.2 Electrical Methods.
13.3 Optical Techniques.
13.4 Guided Wave Analysis.
13.5 Statistical Analysis.
13.6 Self-consolidating Concrete.
13.7 Acceptable Vibration Levels.
13.8 Automated Monitoring Systems.
13.9 Wireless Acquisition Systems.
13.10 'Smart' Structures.
14 THE PLACE OF NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY.
14.1 Nondestructive Testing and Load and Resistance Factor Design.
14.2 Setting Up an Effective Quality Management Program.
14.3 Who's Testing the Tester?.
14.4 Acceptance Criteria.
14.5 Evaluating Defects.
APPENDIX I STRESS-WAVE PROPAGATION IN CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES.
1. General Theory.
2. Determination of Damping.
3. Determination of Harmonic Response - Mechanical Impedance.
4. Resonant Frequency of an Infinitely Long Pile.
5. Impedance Input for a Finite-length pile with Unknown Mechanical Impedance at its Base.
APPENDIX II CONTACT ADDRESSES.
APPENDIX III STANDARDS REFERRED TO IN THIS BOOK.
1. Cross-Hole Sonic Logging.
2. Gamma-Gamma Logging.
3. High-strain Testing of Piles.
4. Impulse-Echo and Impulse-Response Tests.
5. Parallel Seismic.
6. Static Load Testing of Deep Foundation Shafts.
APPENDIX IV SAMPLE SPECIFICATIONS FOR NDT METHODS FOR DEEP FOUNDATIONS.
1. Sample Specification for Low-strain Testing by either Impulse Echo or Impulse Response.
2. Sample Specification for Cross-Hole Sonic Logging (CSL).
REFERENCES.
INDEX.