Soft-Switching Technology for Three-phase Power Electronics Converters
IEEE Press Series on Power Engineering
1. Auflage Januar 2022
496 Seiten, Hardcover
Wiley & Sons Ltd
ISBN:
978-1-119-60251-4
John Wiley & Sons
Weitere Versionen
Soft-Switching Technology for Three-phase Power Electronics Converters
Discover foundational and advanced topics in soft-switching technology, including ZVS three-phase conversion
In Soft-Switching Technology for Three-phase Power Electronics Converters, an expert team of researchers delivers a comprehensive exploration of soft-switching three-phase converters for applications including renewable energy and distribution power systems, AC power sources, UPS, motor drives, battery chargers, and more. The authors begin with an introduction to the fundamentals of the technology, providing the basic knowledge necessary for readers to understand the following articles.
The book goes on to discuss three-phase rectifiers and three-phase grid inverters. It offers prototypes and experiments of each type of technology. Finally, the authors describe the impact of silicon carbide devices on soft-switching three-phase converters, studying the improvement in efficiency and power density created via the introduction of silicon carbide devices.
Throughout, the authors put a special focus on a family of zero-voltage switching (ZVS) three-phase converters and related pulse width modulation (PWM) schemes.
The book also includes:
* A thorough introduction to soft-switching techniques, including the classification of soft-switching for three phase converter topologies, soft-switching types and a generic soft-switching pulse-width-modulation known as Edge-Aligned PWM
* A comprehensive exploration of classical soft-switching three-phase converters, including the switching of power semiconductor devices and DC and AC side resonance
* Practical discussions of ZVS space vector modulation for three-phase converters, including the three-phase converter commutation process
* In-depth examinations of three-phase rectifiers with compound active clamping circuits
Perfect for researchers, scientists, professional engineers, and undergraduate and graduate students studying or working in power electronics, Soft-Switching Technology for Three-phase Power Electronics Converters is also a must-read resource for research and development engineers involved with the design and development of power electronics.
PREFACE
NOMENCLATURE
PART 1: FUNDAMENTAL OF SOFT SWITCHING
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Requirement for three-phase power conversions
1.1.1 Three-phase converters
1.1.2 Switching frequency vs. conversion efficiency and power density
1.1.3 Switching frequency and impact of soft-switching technology
1.2 Concept of soft-switching technique
1.2.1 Soft-switching types
1.2.2 Soft-switching technique for three phase converters
1.3 Applications of soft-switching to three-phase converters
1.3.1 Renewable energy and power generation
1.3.2 Energy storage systems
1.3.3 Distributed FACTS devices
1.3.4 Uninterruptible power supply
1.3.5 Motor drives
1.3.6 Fast EV Chargers
1.4 The topics of this book
References
Chapter 2 Basics of soft-switching three-phase converters
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Switching characteristics of three-phase converters
2.2.1 Control of three-phase converters
2.2.2 Switching transient process and switching loss
2.2.3 Diode turn-off and reverse recovery
2.2.4 Stray inductance on switching process
2.2.5 Snubber
2.3 Classification of soft-switching three-phase converters
2.4 DC-side resonance converters
2.4.1 Resonant DC link converters
2.4.2 Active-clamped resonant DC-link (ACRDCL) converter
2.4.3 ZVS-SVM active clamping three-phase converter
2.4.3.1. Active clamping DC-DC converter
2.4.3.2. Active-clamping three-phase converter
2.5 AC-side resonance converters
2.5.1 Auxiliary resonant commutated pole converter
2.5.2 Coupled-inductor zero-voltage-transition (ZVT) inverter
2.5.3 Zero-current-transition (ZCT) inverter
2.6 Soft-switching inverter with TCM control
2.7 Summary
References
Chapter 3 Soft-switching PWM control for Active Clamped Three-phase Converters
3.1 Introduction
3.2 PWM of three-phase converters
3.3 Edge-Aligned PWM
3.4 ZVS converter circuit with EA-PWM
3.4.1 Stage analysis
3.4.2 ZVS conditions
3.4.1.1 The 1st resonant stage
3.4.1.2 The 2nd resonant stage
3.4.1.3 Steady conditions
3.4.3 Impact of PWM scheme and load on ZVS condition
3.5 Control diagram of the converter with EA-PWM
3.6 ZVS-SVM
3.6.1 Vector sequence
3.6.2 ZVS-SVM scheme
3.6.3 Characteristics of the converter with ZVS-SVM
3.7 Summary
References
PART 2: ZVS-SVM APPLIED TO THREE-PHASE RECTIFIERS
Chapter 4 Three-phase Rectifier with Compound Active Clamping Circuit
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Operation principle of CAC rectifier
4.2.1 Space vector of three-phase grid voltage
4.2.2 Space vector modulation of three-phase converter
4.2.3 Switching scheme of CAC rectifier
4.3 Circuit analysis
4.3.1 Operation stage analysis
4.3.2 Resonant stages analysis
4.3.3 Steady state analysis
4.3.4 Soft switching condition
4.3.5 Control technique of compound active clamping three-phase rectifier
4.4 Prototype design
4.4.1 Specifications of a 40 kW rectifier
4.4.2 Parameter design
4.4.3 Experiment platform and testing results
4.5 Summary
References
Chapter 5 Three-phase Rectifier with Minimum Voltage Active Clamping Circuit
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Operation principle of MVAC rectifier
5.2.1 Space vector modulation of three-phase converter
5.2.2 Switching scheme of MVAC rectifier
5.3 Circuit analysis of MVAC rectifier
5.3.1 Operation stage analysis
5.3.2 Resonant stages analysis
5.3.3 Steady state analysis
5.3.4 Soft switching condition
5.3.5 Control technique of minimum voltage active clamping three-phase rectifier
5.4 Prototype design
5.4.1 Specifications of a 30 kW rectifier
5.4.2 Parameter design
5.4.3 Experiment platform and testing results
5.5 Summary
References
PART 3: ZVS-SVM APPLIED TO THREE-PHASE GRID INVERTERS
Chapter 6 Three-phase Grid Inverter with Minimum Voltage Active Clamping Circuit
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Operation Principle of MVAC inverter
6.2.1 Space vector of three-phase grid voltage
6.2.2 Space vector modulation of three-phase inverter
6.2.3 Switching scheme of MVAC inverter under unit power factor
6.2.4 Generalized space-vector-modulation method of MVAC inverter with arbitrary output
6.3 Circuit analysis
6.3.1 Operation stage analysis
6.3.2 Resonant stages analysis
6.3.3 Steady state analysis
6.3.4 Soft switching condition
4.3.2 Control technique of MVAC inverter
6.4 Design prototype
6.5.1 Specifications of a 30 kW inverter
6.5.2 Parameter design
6.5.3 Experiment results
6.5 Summary
Reference
Chapter 7 Three-phase Inverter with Compound Active Clamping Circuit
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Scheme of ZVS SVM
7.2.1 Switch commutations in main bridges of three-phase inverter
7.2.2 Derivation of ZVS SVM
7.3 Circuit analysis
7.3.1 Operation stage analysis
7.3.2 Resonant stages analysis
7.3.3 Steady state analysis
7.3.4 Soft switching condition
7.3.5 Resonant time comparison
7.4 Implementation of ZVS SVM
7.4.1 Regulation of short circuit stage
7.4.2 Implementation in digital controller
7.4.3 Control block diagram with ZVS SVM
7.5 Prototype design
7.5.1 Specifications of a 30 kW inverter
7.5.2 Parameter design
7.5.3 Experiment platform and testing results
7.6 Summary
References
Chapter 8 Loss Analysis and Optimization of a Zero Voltage Switching Inverter
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Basic operation principle of the CAC ZVS inverter
8.2.1 Operation stage analysis
8.2.2 ZVS condition derivation
8.3 Loss and dimension models
8.3.1 Loss model of IGBT devices
8.3.1.1 Conduction loss of IGBT devices
8.3.1.2 Switching loss of the IGBT devices
8.3.2 Loss and dimension models of resonant inductor
8.3.3 Loss and dimension models of the filter inductor
8.3.4 Dimension model of other components
8.3.4.1 Clamping capacitor
8.3.4.2 Heat sink
8.4 Parameters optimization and design methodology
8.4.1 Objective Function
8.4.2 Constrained Conditions
8.4.3 Optimization Design
8.5 Prototype and experimental results
8.6 Summary
References
Chapter 9 Design of the Resonant Inductor with Air Gap
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Fundamental of Inductor with Air Gap
9.3 Design Methodology
9.3.1 Cross-section area of the core Ac
9.3.2 Window area Ae
9.3.3 Area-product Ap
9.3.4 Turns of winding N
9.3.5 Length of the air gap lg
9.3.6 Winding loss Pdc
9.3.7 Core loss Pcore
9.3.8 Design procedure
9.4 Design Example
9.4.1 Barrel winding discussion
9.4.1.1 Winding position discussion
9.4.1.2 Winding thickness discussion
9.4.2 Flat winding discussion
9.4.2.1 Different pattern comparison
9.4.2.2 Winding position discussion
9.5 Design Verification
9.5.1 Simulation verification
9.5.2 Experimental verification
9.6 Summary
References
PART 4: IMPACT OF SIC DEVICE ON SOFT-SWITCHING GRID INVERTER
Chapter 10 Soft Switching SiC Three-phase Grid Inverter
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Soft-switching three-phase inverter
10.2.1 SVM scheme in hard switching inverter
10.2.2 ZVS-SVM scheme in soft switching inverter
10.2.3 Operation stages and ZVS condition of soft switching inverter
10.2.3.1 Operation stages analysis
10.2.3.2 ZVS condition derivation
10.3 Efficiency comparison of hard switching SiC inverter and soft switching SiC inverter
10.3.1 Parameters design of soft switching SiC inverter
10.3.1.1 AC filter inductor
10.3.1.2 Resonant parameters
10.3.1.3 DC filter capacitor
10.3.1.4 Clamping capacitor
10.3.1.5 Cores selection
10.3.1.6 Switching loss measurement
10.3.2 Comparison of two SiC inverters
10.3.2.1 Loss distributions
10.3.2.2 Efficiency stiffness
10.3.2.3 Passive components volumes
10.3.3 Experimental verification
10.3.3.1 Efficiency test 31
10.3.3.2 Passive components volumes comparison
10.4 Design of low stray inductance layout in soft switching SiC inverter
10.4.1 Oscillation model
10.4.2 Design of low stray inductance 7 in 1 SiC power module
10.4.3 7 in 1 SiC power module prototype and testing results
10.4.3.1 Stray inductance measurement
10.4.3.2 Voltage stress comparison
10.5 Design of low loss resonant inductor in soft switching SiC inverter
10.5.1 Impact of distributed air-gap
10.5.2 Optimal flux density investigation
10.5.3 Optimal winding foil thickness investigation
10.5.4 Resonant inductor prototypes and loss measurement
10.6 Summary
References
Chapter 11 Soft-switching SiC single-phase grid inverter with active power decoupling
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 Modulation methods for single-phase inverter
11.1.2 APD in single-phase grid inverter
11.2 Operation principle
11.2.1 Topology and switching scheme
11.2.2 Stage analysis
11.3 Circuit analysis
11.3.1 Resonant stages analysis
11.3.2 Steady state analysis
11.3.3 Soft switching condition
11.3.4 Short-circuit current
11.4 Design prototype
11.4.1 Rated parameters of a 1.5 kW inverter
11.4.2 Parameter design
11.4.3 Experimental platform and testing results
11.5 Summary
References
Chapter 12 Soft-switching SiC Three-phase Four-wire Converter
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Operation principle
12.2.1 Commutations analysis
12.2.2 Operation scheme
12.2.3 Stage analysis
12.3 Circuit analysis
12.3.1 Resonant stage analysis
12.3.2 Steady state analysis
12.3.3 ZVS condition
12.4 Design prototype
12.4.1 Parameters design
12.4.2 loss analysis
12.4.3 Experimental results
12.5 Summary
References
APPENDIX
A.1 Basic of SVM
A.2 Switching patterns of SVM
A.3 Switching patterns of ZVS-SVM
A.4 Inverter loss models
A.4.1 Loss model of hard switching three-phase grid inverter
A.4.2 Loss model of soft switching three-phase grid inverter
A.5 AC filter inductance calculation
A.6 DC filter capacitance calculation
NOMENCLATURE
PART 1: FUNDAMENTAL OF SOFT SWITCHING
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Requirement for three-phase power conversions
1.1.1 Three-phase converters
1.1.2 Switching frequency vs. conversion efficiency and power density
1.1.3 Switching frequency and impact of soft-switching technology
1.2 Concept of soft-switching technique
1.2.1 Soft-switching types
1.2.2 Soft-switching technique for three phase converters
1.3 Applications of soft-switching to three-phase converters
1.3.1 Renewable energy and power generation
1.3.2 Energy storage systems
1.3.3 Distributed FACTS devices
1.3.4 Uninterruptible power supply
1.3.5 Motor drives
1.3.6 Fast EV Chargers
1.4 The topics of this book
References
Chapter 2 Basics of soft-switching three-phase converters
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Switching characteristics of three-phase converters
2.2.1 Control of three-phase converters
2.2.2 Switching transient process and switching loss
2.2.3 Diode turn-off and reverse recovery
2.2.4 Stray inductance on switching process
2.2.5 Snubber
2.3 Classification of soft-switching three-phase converters
2.4 DC-side resonance converters
2.4.1 Resonant DC link converters
2.4.2 Active-clamped resonant DC-link (ACRDCL) converter
2.4.3 ZVS-SVM active clamping three-phase converter
2.4.3.1. Active clamping DC-DC converter
2.4.3.2. Active-clamping three-phase converter
2.5 AC-side resonance converters
2.5.1 Auxiliary resonant commutated pole converter
2.5.2 Coupled-inductor zero-voltage-transition (ZVT) inverter
2.5.3 Zero-current-transition (ZCT) inverter
2.6 Soft-switching inverter with TCM control
2.7 Summary
References
Chapter 3 Soft-switching PWM control for Active Clamped Three-phase Converters
3.1 Introduction
3.2 PWM of three-phase converters
3.3 Edge-Aligned PWM
3.4 ZVS converter circuit with EA-PWM
3.4.1 Stage analysis
3.4.2 ZVS conditions
3.4.1.1 The 1st resonant stage
3.4.1.2 The 2nd resonant stage
3.4.1.3 Steady conditions
3.4.3 Impact of PWM scheme and load on ZVS condition
3.5 Control diagram of the converter with EA-PWM
3.6 ZVS-SVM
3.6.1 Vector sequence
3.6.2 ZVS-SVM scheme
3.6.3 Characteristics of the converter with ZVS-SVM
3.7 Summary
References
PART 2: ZVS-SVM APPLIED TO THREE-PHASE RECTIFIERS
Chapter 4 Three-phase Rectifier with Compound Active Clamping Circuit
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Operation principle of CAC rectifier
4.2.1 Space vector of three-phase grid voltage
4.2.2 Space vector modulation of three-phase converter
4.2.3 Switching scheme of CAC rectifier
4.3 Circuit analysis
4.3.1 Operation stage analysis
4.3.2 Resonant stages analysis
4.3.3 Steady state analysis
4.3.4 Soft switching condition
4.3.5 Control technique of compound active clamping three-phase rectifier
4.4 Prototype design
4.4.1 Specifications of a 40 kW rectifier
4.4.2 Parameter design
4.4.3 Experiment platform and testing results
4.5 Summary
References
Chapter 5 Three-phase Rectifier with Minimum Voltage Active Clamping Circuit
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Operation principle of MVAC rectifier
5.2.1 Space vector modulation of three-phase converter
5.2.2 Switching scheme of MVAC rectifier
5.3 Circuit analysis of MVAC rectifier
5.3.1 Operation stage analysis
5.3.2 Resonant stages analysis
5.3.3 Steady state analysis
5.3.4 Soft switching condition
5.3.5 Control technique of minimum voltage active clamping three-phase rectifier
5.4 Prototype design
5.4.1 Specifications of a 30 kW rectifier
5.4.2 Parameter design
5.4.3 Experiment platform and testing results
5.5 Summary
References
PART 3: ZVS-SVM APPLIED TO THREE-PHASE GRID INVERTERS
Chapter 6 Three-phase Grid Inverter with Minimum Voltage Active Clamping Circuit
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Operation Principle of MVAC inverter
6.2.1 Space vector of three-phase grid voltage
6.2.2 Space vector modulation of three-phase inverter
6.2.3 Switching scheme of MVAC inverter under unit power factor
6.2.4 Generalized space-vector-modulation method of MVAC inverter with arbitrary output
6.3 Circuit analysis
6.3.1 Operation stage analysis
6.3.2 Resonant stages analysis
6.3.3 Steady state analysis
6.3.4 Soft switching condition
4.3.2 Control technique of MVAC inverter
6.4 Design prototype
6.5.1 Specifications of a 30 kW inverter
6.5.2 Parameter design
6.5.3 Experiment results
6.5 Summary
Reference
Chapter 7 Three-phase Inverter with Compound Active Clamping Circuit
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Scheme of ZVS SVM
7.2.1 Switch commutations in main bridges of three-phase inverter
7.2.2 Derivation of ZVS SVM
7.3 Circuit analysis
7.3.1 Operation stage analysis
7.3.2 Resonant stages analysis
7.3.3 Steady state analysis
7.3.4 Soft switching condition
7.3.5 Resonant time comparison
7.4 Implementation of ZVS SVM
7.4.1 Regulation of short circuit stage
7.4.2 Implementation in digital controller
7.4.3 Control block diagram with ZVS SVM
7.5 Prototype design
7.5.1 Specifications of a 30 kW inverter
7.5.2 Parameter design
7.5.3 Experiment platform and testing results
7.6 Summary
References
Chapter 8 Loss Analysis and Optimization of a Zero Voltage Switching Inverter
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Basic operation principle of the CAC ZVS inverter
8.2.1 Operation stage analysis
8.2.2 ZVS condition derivation
8.3 Loss and dimension models
8.3.1 Loss model of IGBT devices
8.3.1.1 Conduction loss of IGBT devices
8.3.1.2 Switching loss of the IGBT devices
8.3.2 Loss and dimension models of resonant inductor
8.3.3 Loss and dimension models of the filter inductor
8.3.4 Dimension model of other components
8.3.4.1 Clamping capacitor
8.3.4.2 Heat sink
8.4 Parameters optimization and design methodology
8.4.1 Objective Function
8.4.2 Constrained Conditions
8.4.3 Optimization Design
8.5 Prototype and experimental results
8.6 Summary
References
Chapter 9 Design of the Resonant Inductor with Air Gap
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Fundamental of Inductor with Air Gap
9.3 Design Methodology
9.3.1 Cross-section area of the core Ac
9.3.2 Window area Ae
9.3.3 Area-product Ap
9.3.4 Turns of winding N
9.3.5 Length of the air gap lg
9.3.6 Winding loss Pdc
9.3.7 Core loss Pcore
9.3.8 Design procedure
9.4 Design Example
9.4.1 Barrel winding discussion
9.4.1.1 Winding position discussion
9.4.1.2 Winding thickness discussion
9.4.2 Flat winding discussion
9.4.2.1 Different pattern comparison
9.4.2.2 Winding position discussion
9.5 Design Verification
9.5.1 Simulation verification
9.5.2 Experimental verification
9.6 Summary
References
PART 4: IMPACT OF SIC DEVICE ON SOFT-SWITCHING GRID INVERTER
Chapter 10 Soft Switching SiC Three-phase Grid Inverter
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Soft-switching three-phase inverter
10.2.1 SVM scheme in hard switching inverter
10.2.2 ZVS-SVM scheme in soft switching inverter
10.2.3 Operation stages and ZVS condition of soft switching inverter
10.2.3.1 Operation stages analysis
10.2.3.2 ZVS condition derivation
10.3 Efficiency comparison of hard switching SiC inverter and soft switching SiC inverter
10.3.1 Parameters design of soft switching SiC inverter
10.3.1.1 AC filter inductor
10.3.1.2 Resonant parameters
10.3.1.3 DC filter capacitor
10.3.1.4 Clamping capacitor
10.3.1.5 Cores selection
10.3.1.6 Switching loss measurement
10.3.2 Comparison of two SiC inverters
10.3.2.1 Loss distributions
10.3.2.2 Efficiency stiffness
10.3.2.3 Passive components volumes
10.3.3 Experimental verification
10.3.3.1 Efficiency test 31
10.3.3.2 Passive components volumes comparison
10.4 Design of low stray inductance layout in soft switching SiC inverter
10.4.1 Oscillation model
10.4.2 Design of low stray inductance 7 in 1 SiC power module
10.4.3 7 in 1 SiC power module prototype and testing results
10.4.3.1 Stray inductance measurement
10.4.3.2 Voltage stress comparison
10.5 Design of low loss resonant inductor in soft switching SiC inverter
10.5.1 Impact of distributed air-gap
10.5.2 Optimal flux density investigation
10.5.3 Optimal winding foil thickness investigation
10.5.4 Resonant inductor prototypes and loss measurement
10.6 Summary
References
Chapter 11 Soft-switching SiC single-phase grid inverter with active power decoupling
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 Modulation methods for single-phase inverter
11.1.2 APD in single-phase grid inverter
11.2 Operation principle
11.2.1 Topology and switching scheme
11.2.2 Stage analysis
11.3 Circuit analysis
11.3.1 Resonant stages analysis
11.3.2 Steady state analysis
11.3.3 Soft switching condition
11.3.4 Short-circuit current
11.4 Design prototype
11.4.1 Rated parameters of a 1.5 kW inverter
11.4.2 Parameter design
11.4.3 Experimental platform and testing results
11.5 Summary
References
Chapter 12 Soft-switching SiC Three-phase Four-wire Converter
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Operation principle
12.2.1 Commutations analysis
12.2.2 Operation scheme
12.2.3 Stage analysis
12.3 Circuit analysis
12.3.1 Resonant stage analysis
12.3.2 Steady state analysis
12.3.3 ZVS condition
12.4 Design prototype
12.4.1 Parameters design
12.4.2 loss analysis
12.4.3 Experimental results
12.5 Summary
References
APPENDIX
A.1 Basic of SVM
A.2 Switching patterns of SVM
A.3 Switching patterns of ZVS-SVM
A.4 Inverter loss models
A.4.1 Loss model of hard switching three-phase grid inverter
A.4.2 Loss model of soft switching three-phase grid inverter
A.5 AC filter inductance calculation
A.6 DC filter capacitance calculation
Dehong Xu, PhD, is Full Professor in College of Electrical Engineering at Zhejiang University.
Rui Li, PhD, is Full Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Electronics, Information and Electrical Engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
Ning He, PhD, is Firmware Design Principal Engineer in Delta Electronics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
Jinyi Deng is a PhD student in Power Electronics in the College of Electrical Engineering at Zhejiang University.
Yuying Wu is a PhD student in Power Electronics in the College of Electrical Engineering at Zhejiang University.
Rui Li, PhD, is Full Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Electronics, Information and Electrical Engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
Ning He, PhD, is Firmware Design Principal Engineer in Delta Electronics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
Jinyi Deng is a PhD student in Power Electronics in the College of Electrical Engineering at Zhejiang University.
Yuying Wu is a PhD student in Power Electronics in the College of Electrical Engineering at Zhejiang University.
