Acetylsalicylic Acid

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. GENERAL ASPECTS

1.1 HISTORY
1.1.1 WILLOW BARK AND LEAVES AS ANTIPYRETIC, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ANALGESICS
1.1.2 SALICYLATES AS THE ACTIVE INGREDIENT OF WILLOW BARK AND OTHER NATURAL SOURCES
1.1.3 SYNTHESIS OF ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID AND FIRST CLINICAL STUDIES
1.1.4 MODE OF ASPIRIN ACTION
1.1.5 ANTI-INFLAMMATORY/ANALGESIC ACTIONS OF ASPIRIN
1.1.6 ASPIRIN IN THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
1.1.7 CURRENT RESEARCH TOPICS

1.2 CHEMISTRY
1.2.1 STRUCTURES AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SALICYLATES
1.2.2 DETERMINATION OF SALICYLATES

2. PHARMACOLOGY

2.1 PHARMACOKINETICS
2.1.1 ABSORPTION AND DISTRIBUTION
2.1.2 BIOTRANSFORMATION AND EXCRETION

2.2 CELLULAR MODES OF ACTION
2.2.1 INHIBITION OF CYCLOOXYGENASES
2.2.2 COX-INDEPENDENT ACTIONS ON CELL FUNCTION
2.2.3 ENERGY METABOLISM

2.3 ACTIONS ON ORGANS AND TISSUES

2.3.1 HEMOSTASIS AND THROMBOSIS
2.3.2 INFLAMMATION, PAIN AND FEVER
2.3.3 ASPIRIN AND MALIGNANCIES

3. TOXICITY AND DRUG SAFETY

3.1 SYSTEMIC SIDE-EFFECTS

3.1.1 ACUTE AND CHRONIC TOXICITY
3.1.2 BLEEDING DISORDERS
3.1.3 SAFETY PHARMACOLOGY IN PARTICULAR LIFE SITUATIONS


3.2 ORGAN TOXICITY
3.2.1 GASTROINTESTINAL (GI) TRACT
3.2.2 KIDNEY
3.2.3 LIVER
3.2.4 AUDIOVESTIBULAR SYSTEM

3.3 NON-DOSE-RELATED (PSEUDO)ALLERGIC ACTIONS OF ASPIRIN

3.3.1 ASPIRIN HYPERSENSITIVITY (WIDAL'S SYNDROME)
3.3.2 URTICARIA/ANGIOEDEMA, STEVENS-JOHNSON- AND LYELL-SYNDROME
3.3.3 REYE SYNDROME

4. CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF ASPIRIN

4.1 THROMBOEMBOLIC DISEASES

4.1.1 CORONARY VASCULAR DISEASE
4.1.2 CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
4.1.3 PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE (PAD)
4.1.4 VENOUS THROMBOSIS
4.1.5 PREECLAMPSIA
4.1.6 ASPIRIN "RESISTANCE"

4.2 PAIN, FEVER AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASES

4.2.1 ASPIRIN AS AN ANTIPYRETIC ANALGESIC
4.2.2 ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM
4.2.3 KAWASAKI DISEASE

4.3 FURTHER CLINICAL INDICATIONS

4.3.1 COLORECTAL CANCER
4.3.2 ALZHEIMER DISEASE

ABBREVIATIONS (NO ACRONYMS FOR CLINICAL STUDIES)
ACRONYMS FOR CLINICAL STUDIES
INDEX TERMS (PRELIMINARY)

Karsten Schrör is Professor and Chairman of the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology at the Heinrich-Heine-University in Düsseldorf, Germany. He obtained his M.D. at Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg (Germany) and carried out postdoctoral studies at the Universities of Halle, Mainz, Köln, the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia (USA) and the Wellcome Research Laboratories in Beckenham (UK). He held guest professorships at the Medical University of South Carolina at Charleston (USA) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Texas Medical Center, Houston (USA). Karsten Schrör is member of the German National Academy of Science (Leopoldina) and President of the German Society for Pharmacology. He has published extensively in the area of aspirin and prostaglandin research with focus on platelet function and the clotting system and serves on several national and international review panels and advisory committees on thrombosis research and drug development.

K. Schrör, University of Dusseldorf, Germany