Corrosion and Its Control of Aluminum and Magnesium Alloys
Understanding, Engineering, and Performance
Wiley Series in Corrosion
1. Auflage Mai 2010
752 Seiten, Hardcover
Wiley & Sons Ltd
Kurzbeschreibung
Aluminum and magnesium alloys are receiving increased attention due to their light weight, abundance, and resistance to corrosion. Meeting the need for a single source on this subject, Corrosion Resistance of Aluminum and Magnesium Alloys gives scientists, engineers, and students a one-stop reference for understanding both the corrosion fundamentals and applications relevant to these important light metals. Written by a world leader in the field, the text considers corrosion phenomena for the two metals in a systematic and parallel fashion.
ISBN:
978-0-471-71576-4
John Wiley & Sons
Valuable information on corrosion fundamentals and applications of aluminum and magnesium
Aluminum and magnesium alloys are receiving increased attention due to their light weight, abundance, and resistance to corrosion. In particular, when used in automobile manufacturing, these alloys promise reduced car weights, lower fuel consumption, and resulting environmental benefits.
Meeting the need for a single source on this subject, Corrosion Resistance of Aluminum and Magnesium Alloys gives scientists, engineers, and students a one-stop reference for understanding both the corrosion fundamentals and applications relevant to these important light metals. Written by a world leader in the field, the text considers corrosion phenomena for the two metals in a systematic and parallel fashion. The coverage includes:
* The essentials of corrosion for aqueous, high temperature corrosion, and active-passive behavior of aluminum and magnesium alloys
* The performance and corrosion forms of aluminum alloys
* The performance and corrosion forms of magnesium alloys
* Corrosion prevention methods such as coatings for aluminum and magnesium
* Electrochemical methods of corrosion investigation and their application to aluminum and magnesium alloys
Offering case studies and detailed references, Corrosion Resistance of Aluminum and Magnesium Alloys provides an essential, up-to-date resource for graduate-level study, as well as a working reference for professionals using aluminum, magnesium, and their alloys.
Preface.
Acknowledgements.
PART I: ELECTROCHEMICAL FUNDAMENTALS AND ACTIVE-PASSIVE CORROSION BEHAVIORS.
Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Electrochemical Corrosion.
A. Thermodynamic Considerations of Corrosion.
1. Electrolytic Conductance.
2. Tendency to Corrosion.
3. The Electrochemical Interface.
4. Nernst Equation.
5. Standard Potentials of Electrodes.
B. Activity and Conductance of the Electrolyte.
1. Activity of the Electrolyte.
2. Mobility of Ions.
3. Conductance.
4. Potential of Decomposition.
C. The Different Types of Electrodes.
1. Gas Electrodes.
2. Metal - Metal Ion Electrodes.
3. Metal-Insoluble Salt or Oxide Electrodes.
4. Electrodes of Oxidation - Reduction.
5. Selective Ion Electrodes.
D. Electrochemical and Corrosion Cells.
1. Chemical Cells.
2. Concentration Cells.
3. Solvent Corrosion Cells.
4. Temperature Differential Cells.
5. Overlapping of Different Corrosion Cells.
E. Chemical and Electrochemical Corrosion.
1. Definition and Description of Corrosion.
2. Electrochemical and Chemical Reactions.
References.
Chapter 2: Aqueous and High temperature Corrosion.
Overview.
1. Atmospheric Media.
2. Aqueous environments.
3. Organic Solvent Properties.
4. Underground Media.
5. Water Media Properties.
6. Corrosion at high temperatures.
References.
Chapter 3: Active and Passive Behaviors of Al and Mg and their alloys.
1. Potential -pH Diagrams of Al and Mg.
2. Active Behavior and Overpotentials.
3. The Passive Behavior.
4. Active and passive Behaviors of Aluminum and its Alloys.
5. Active and passive Behaviors of Magnesium and its Alloys.
References.
PART II: PERFORMANCE AND CORROSION FORMS OF ALUMINUM AND ITS ALLOYS.
Chapter 4: Properties, Use and Performance of Aluminum and Alloys.
A. Properties of Aluminum.
1. Physical and General Properties of Aluminum.
2. Cast Aluminum Alloys.
3. Aluminum Wrought alloys.
4. Aluminum Powders and Aluminum Matrix Composites (AMCs).
B. Use of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys.
1. Use of Aluminum Cast Alloys.
2. Use of Aluminum Wrought Alloys.
C. Aluminum Performance.
1. Resistance of Al Alloys to Atmospheric corrosion.
2. Factors affecting atmospheric corrosion of Al alloys.
3. Waters Corrosion.
4. Seawater.
5. Soil Corrosion.
6. Some aggressive Media.
7. Dry and Aqueous Organic Compounds.
8. Gases.
9. Mercury.
10. Corrosion Performance of Alloys.
11. Aluminum High Temperature Corrosion.
References.
Chapter 5: General, Galvanic and Localized Corrosion of Aluminum and alloys.
A. General Corrosion.
1. General considerations.
2. Description.
3. Mechanisms.
4. Prevention.
B. Galvanic Corrosion.
1. General considerations.
2. Galvanic Series of Al Alloys.
3. Mechanisms.
4. Deposition corrosion.
5. Stray Current Corrosion.
6. Prevention.
7. Basic Study of Al-Cu Galvanic Corrosion Cell.
C. Localized Corrosion.
1. Pitting Corrosion.
2. Crevice Corrosion.
3. Filiform Corrosion.
References.
Chapter 6: Metallurgically and Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Aluminum and Alloys.
A. Metallurgically Influenced Corrosion "METIC".
1. Fundamentals of "METIC".
2. Types of Metallurgically Influenced Corrosion.
3. Joining and Welding.
4. Metal Matrix Composites for nuclear dry waste storage "Al-MMC/B4C".
B. Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion, the basics.
1. The Microorganisms.
2. Natural and Artificial Media.
3. Anaerobic and Aerobic Bacteria in Action.
4. MIC of Aluminum and Aluminum alloys.
5. Mechanisms of MIC and Inhibition.
6. MIC Prevention and control.
References.
Chapter 7: Mechanically Assisted Corrosion of Aluminum and Alloys.
A. Corrosion - Erosion.
1. Impingement with Liquid containing solid particles.
2. Corrosion by cavitation.
3. Water drop impingement Corrosion.
4. Fretting Corrosion.
5. Fretting Fatigue Corrosion.
6. Prevention of Erosion Corrosion.
B. Corrosion fatigue.
1. General Considerations and Morphology.
2. Parameters.
3. Mechanisms of Corrosion Fatigue.
4. CF of Al Alloys.
5. Prevention of Corrosion Fatigue.
References.
Chapter 8: Environmentally Induced Cracking of Aluminum and Alloys.
1. Introduction and Definition of SCC.
2. Key Parametres.
3. Parameters of SCC of Aluminum Alloys.
4. SCC Mechanisms.
5. SCC of aluminum Alloys.
6. SCC of Welded Aluminum Alloys.
7. Prevention of SCC.
References.
PART III: PERFORMANCE AND CORROSION FORMS OF MAGNESIUM AND ITS ALLOYS.
Chapter 9: Properties, Use and Performance of Magnesium and Alloys.
A. Properties of Magnesium alloys.
1. Physical and General Properties of Magnesium.
2. Properties of Cast Magnesium Alloys.
3. Properties of Wrought Magnesium Alloys.
4. Magnesium Powder.
5. Magnesium Composites.
6. Particles reinforcing magnesium alloy matrix.
B. Use of Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys.
1. Applications of Magnesium Cast Alloys.
2. Applications of Magnesium Wrought Alloys.
C. Magnesium Performance.
1. Resistance of Mg alloys to atmospheric corrosion.
2. Factors affecting atmospheric corrosion of Mg alloys.
3. Waters Corrosion.
4. Salt Solutions.
5. Acid and Alkaline Solutions.
6. Aqueous Organic Compounds.
7. Dry Organic Compounds.
8. Gases at ambient temperature up to ÷100oC.
9. Magnesium High Temperature Corrosion.
References.
Chapter 10: General, Galvanic and Localized Corrosion of Magnesium and Alloys.
A. General Corrosion.
1. Corrosion Resistance of Passive Magnesium.
2. The Negative Difference Effect "NDE".
3. Kinetic studies of General and Pitting Corrosion of Mg alloys.
4. Corrosion Prevention.
B. Galvanic Corrosion.
C. Localized Corrosion.
1. Pitting Corrosion.
2. Crevice Corrosion.
3. Filiform Corrosion.
References.
Chapter 11: Metallurgically and Microbiologically influenced Corrosion of Magnesium and Alloys.
A. Metallurgically Influenced Corrosion of Mg Alloys.
1. Casting Alloys and Alloying Elements.
2. Corrosion influenced by metallurgical properties.
3. Influence of the Microstructure, Different Phases and Welding.
B. MIC of Magnesium and Magnesium alloys.
1. Rational Degradation.
2. Stress Corrosion Cracking and Implants.
3. Approaches to Control Biodegradation.
References.
Chapter 12: Mechanically Assisted Corrosion of Magnesium and Alloys.
1. Erosion-Corrosion and Fretting Fatigue Corrosion.
2. Corrosion Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys.
References.
Chapter 13: Environmentally Induced Corrosion of Magnesium and Alloys.
1. Use of Mg Alloys and Stress Corrosion Cracking "SCC" Failures.
2. Key Parameters.
3. Influence of Other Forms or Types of Corrosion on SCC.
4. Propagation Mechanisms of Corrosion.
5. SCC-HE of Some Magnesium Alloys.
6. SCC Prevention.
References.
PART IV: COATING AND TESTING.
Chapter 14: Aluminum Coatings "Description and Testing".
1. Inhibitors.
2. Metallic coatings.
3. Conversion coating.
4. Anodization.
5. Organic finishing.
6. Corrosion Testing of Coated Metal.
References.
Chapter 15: Magnesium Coatings "Description and Testing".
1. General Approach and Surface Preparation.
2. Metallic and Conversion Coatings.
3. Anodic Treatments.
4. Surface Modification.
5. Electrochemical Characterisation of the Interface Metal/Film.
6. Organic Finishing and Corrosion Testing of Coated Material.
References.
PART V: EVALUATION AND TESTING.
Chapter 16: Conventional and Electrochemical Methods of Investigation.
1. Corrosion Testing Approaches and Methods of Investigations.
2. Physical and Mechanical Testing of Corroded Materials.
3. Electrochemical Polarization Studies.
4. The "AC" electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ?EIS? technique.
5. Electrochemical Noise Measurements "ENM".
6. The Scanning Reference Electrode Technique (SRET).
7. Microsystems and Wire Beam Electrode.
References.
Chapter 17: Evaluation of Corrosion Forms of Aluminum and its Alloys.
1. General Corrosion of Aluminum and Its alloys.
2. Galvanic Corrosion.
3. Localized Corrosion of Al and Alloys.
4. Metallurgically Influenced Corrosion (METIC).
5. MIC and Biodegradation Evaluation.
6. Mechanically Influenced Corrosion (MECIC) of Aluminum and Alloys.
7. Environmentally Influenced Corrosion (EIC).
References.
Chapter 18: Evaluation of Corrosion Forms of Magnesium and its alloys.
1. Testing Solutions.
2. General Corrosion Form.
3. Galvanic or Bimetallic Corrosion of Mg and alloys.
4. Localized Corrosion of Mg and its alloys.
5. Metallurgically Influenced Corrosion of Mg and Alloys.
6. MIC and Biodegradation of Mg and Alloys.
7. Corrosion Fatigue.
8. SCC Testing and Evaluation of Magnesium Alloys.
References.
Chapter 19: Annexes.
Annexes Biography, International Units and abbreviations.
Annex 1: Corrosion and Prevention Books, Data and ASTM Standards.
A. Some Recommended Books in Corrosion.
B. Bibliography of Corrosion Data for Performance of Materials.
C. ASTM Standards.
Annex 2: Annex of some international units, equations etc.
The Periodic Table (Wieser 2006).
Annex 3 abbreviations and Symbols.
Acknowledgements.
PART I: ELECTROCHEMICAL FUNDAMENTALS AND ACTIVE-PASSIVE CORROSION BEHAVIORS.
Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Electrochemical Corrosion.
A. Thermodynamic Considerations of Corrosion.
1. Electrolytic Conductance.
2. Tendency to Corrosion.
3. The Electrochemical Interface.
4. Nernst Equation.
5. Standard Potentials of Electrodes.
B. Activity and Conductance of the Electrolyte.
1. Activity of the Electrolyte.
2. Mobility of Ions.
3. Conductance.
4. Potential of Decomposition.
C. The Different Types of Electrodes.
1. Gas Electrodes.
2. Metal - Metal Ion Electrodes.
3. Metal-Insoluble Salt or Oxide Electrodes.
4. Electrodes of Oxidation - Reduction.
5. Selective Ion Electrodes.
D. Electrochemical and Corrosion Cells.
1. Chemical Cells.
2. Concentration Cells.
3. Solvent Corrosion Cells.
4. Temperature Differential Cells.
5. Overlapping of Different Corrosion Cells.
E. Chemical and Electrochemical Corrosion.
1. Definition and Description of Corrosion.
2. Electrochemical and Chemical Reactions.
References.
Chapter 2: Aqueous and High temperature Corrosion.
Overview.
1. Atmospheric Media.
2. Aqueous environments.
3. Organic Solvent Properties.
4. Underground Media.
5. Water Media Properties.
6. Corrosion at high temperatures.
References.
Chapter 3: Active and Passive Behaviors of Al and Mg and their alloys.
1. Potential -pH Diagrams of Al and Mg.
2. Active Behavior and Overpotentials.
3. The Passive Behavior.
4. Active and passive Behaviors of Aluminum and its Alloys.
5. Active and passive Behaviors of Magnesium and its Alloys.
References.
PART II: PERFORMANCE AND CORROSION FORMS OF ALUMINUM AND ITS ALLOYS.
Chapter 4: Properties, Use and Performance of Aluminum and Alloys.
A. Properties of Aluminum.
1. Physical and General Properties of Aluminum.
2. Cast Aluminum Alloys.
3. Aluminum Wrought alloys.
4. Aluminum Powders and Aluminum Matrix Composites (AMCs).
B. Use of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys.
1. Use of Aluminum Cast Alloys.
2. Use of Aluminum Wrought Alloys.
C. Aluminum Performance.
1. Resistance of Al Alloys to Atmospheric corrosion.
2. Factors affecting atmospheric corrosion of Al alloys.
3. Waters Corrosion.
4. Seawater.
5. Soil Corrosion.
6. Some aggressive Media.
7. Dry and Aqueous Organic Compounds.
8. Gases.
9. Mercury.
10. Corrosion Performance of Alloys.
11. Aluminum High Temperature Corrosion.
References.
Chapter 5: General, Galvanic and Localized Corrosion of Aluminum and alloys.
A. General Corrosion.
1. General considerations.
2. Description.
3. Mechanisms.
4. Prevention.
B. Galvanic Corrosion.
1. General considerations.
2. Galvanic Series of Al Alloys.
3. Mechanisms.
4. Deposition corrosion.
5. Stray Current Corrosion.
6. Prevention.
7. Basic Study of Al-Cu Galvanic Corrosion Cell.
C. Localized Corrosion.
1. Pitting Corrosion.
2. Crevice Corrosion.
3. Filiform Corrosion.
References.
Chapter 6: Metallurgically and Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Aluminum and Alloys.
A. Metallurgically Influenced Corrosion "METIC".
1. Fundamentals of "METIC".
2. Types of Metallurgically Influenced Corrosion.
3. Joining and Welding.
4. Metal Matrix Composites for nuclear dry waste storage "Al-MMC/B4C".
B. Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion, the basics.
1. The Microorganisms.
2. Natural and Artificial Media.
3. Anaerobic and Aerobic Bacteria in Action.
4. MIC of Aluminum and Aluminum alloys.
5. Mechanisms of MIC and Inhibition.
6. MIC Prevention and control.
References.
Chapter 7: Mechanically Assisted Corrosion of Aluminum and Alloys.
A. Corrosion - Erosion.
1. Impingement with Liquid containing solid particles.
2. Corrosion by cavitation.
3. Water drop impingement Corrosion.
4. Fretting Corrosion.
5. Fretting Fatigue Corrosion.
6. Prevention of Erosion Corrosion.
B. Corrosion fatigue.
1. General Considerations and Morphology.
2. Parameters.
3. Mechanisms of Corrosion Fatigue.
4. CF of Al Alloys.
5. Prevention of Corrosion Fatigue.
References.
Chapter 8: Environmentally Induced Cracking of Aluminum and Alloys.
1. Introduction and Definition of SCC.
2. Key Parametres.
3. Parameters of SCC of Aluminum Alloys.
4. SCC Mechanisms.
5. SCC of aluminum Alloys.
6. SCC of Welded Aluminum Alloys.
7. Prevention of SCC.
References.
PART III: PERFORMANCE AND CORROSION FORMS OF MAGNESIUM AND ITS ALLOYS.
Chapter 9: Properties, Use and Performance of Magnesium and Alloys.
A. Properties of Magnesium alloys.
1. Physical and General Properties of Magnesium.
2. Properties of Cast Magnesium Alloys.
3. Properties of Wrought Magnesium Alloys.
4. Magnesium Powder.
5. Magnesium Composites.
6. Particles reinforcing magnesium alloy matrix.
B. Use of Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys.
1. Applications of Magnesium Cast Alloys.
2. Applications of Magnesium Wrought Alloys.
C. Magnesium Performance.
1. Resistance of Mg alloys to atmospheric corrosion.
2. Factors affecting atmospheric corrosion of Mg alloys.
3. Waters Corrosion.
4. Salt Solutions.
5. Acid and Alkaline Solutions.
6. Aqueous Organic Compounds.
7. Dry Organic Compounds.
8. Gases at ambient temperature up to ÷100oC.
9. Magnesium High Temperature Corrosion.
References.
Chapter 10: General, Galvanic and Localized Corrosion of Magnesium and Alloys.
A. General Corrosion.
1. Corrosion Resistance of Passive Magnesium.
2. The Negative Difference Effect "NDE".
3. Kinetic studies of General and Pitting Corrosion of Mg alloys.
4. Corrosion Prevention.
B. Galvanic Corrosion.
C. Localized Corrosion.
1. Pitting Corrosion.
2. Crevice Corrosion.
3. Filiform Corrosion.
References.
Chapter 11: Metallurgically and Microbiologically influenced Corrosion of Magnesium and Alloys.
A. Metallurgically Influenced Corrosion of Mg Alloys.
1. Casting Alloys and Alloying Elements.
2. Corrosion influenced by metallurgical properties.
3. Influence of the Microstructure, Different Phases and Welding.
B. MIC of Magnesium and Magnesium alloys.
1. Rational Degradation.
2. Stress Corrosion Cracking and Implants.
3. Approaches to Control Biodegradation.
References.
Chapter 12: Mechanically Assisted Corrosion of Magnesium and Alloys.
1. Erosion-Corrosion and Fretting Fatigue Corrosion.
2. Corrosion Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys.
References.
Chapter 13: Environmentally Induced Corrosion of Magnesium and Alloys.
1. Use of Mg Alloys and Stress Corrosion Cracking "SCC" Failures.
2. Key Parameters.
3. Influence of Other Forms or Types of Corrosion on SCC.
4. Propagation Mechanisms of Corrosion.
5. SCC-HE of Some Magnesium Alloys.
6. SCC Prevention.
References.
PART IV: COATING AND TESTING.
Chapter 14: Aluminum Coatings "Description and Testing".
1. Inhibitors.
2. Metallic coatings.
3. Conversion coating.
4. Anodization.
5. Organic finishing.
6. Corrosion Testing of Coated Metal.
References.
Chapter 15: Magnesium Coatings "Description and Testing".
1. General Approach and Surface Preparation.
2. Metallic and Conversion Coatings.
3. Anodic Treatments.
4. Surface Modification.
5. Electrochemical Characterisation of the Interface Metal/Film.
6. Organic Finishing and Corrosion Testing of Coated Material.
References.
PART V: EVALUATION AND TESTING.
Chapter 16: Conventional and Electrochemical Methods of Investigation.
1. Corrosion Testing Approaches and Methods of Investigations.
2. Physical and Mechanical Testing of Corroded Materials.
3. Electrochemical Polarization Studies.
4. The "AC" electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ?EIS? technique.
5. Electrochemical Noise Measurements "ENM".
6. The Scanning Reference Electrode Technique (SRET).
7. Microsystems and Wire Beam Electrode.
References.
Chapter 17: Evaluation of Corrosion Forms of Aluminum and its Alloys.
1. General Corrosion of Aluminum and Its alloys.
2. Galvanic Corrosion.
3. Localized Corrosion of Al and Alloys.
4. Metallurgically Influenced Corrosion (METIC).
5. MIC and Biodegradation Evaluation.
6. Mechanically Influenced Corrosion (MECIC) of Aluminum and Alloys.
7. Environmentally Influenced Corrosion (EIC).
References.
Chapter 18: Evaluation of Corrosion Forms of Magnesium and its alloys.
1. Testing Solutions.
2. General Corrosion Form.
3. Galvanic or Bimetallic Corrosion of Mg and alloys.
4. Localized Corrosion of Mg and its alloys.
5. Metallurgically Influenced Corrosion of Mg and Alloys.
6. MIC and Biodegradation of Mg and Alloys.
7. Corrosion Fatigue.
8. SCC Testing and Evaluation of Magnesium Alloys.
References.
Chapter 19: Annexes.
Annexes Biography, International Units and abbreviations.
Annex 1: Corrosion and Prevention Books, Data and ASTM Standards.
A. Some Recommended Books in Corrosion.
B. Bibliography of Corrosion Data for Performance of Materials.
C. ASTM Standards.
Annex 2: Annex of some international units, equations etc.
The Periodic Table (Wieser 2006).
Annex 3 abbreviations and Symbols.
Edward Ghali is a Professor in the Department of Mining, Metallurgy, and Materials Engineering at Université Laval. He has been a university professor in corrosion and applied electrochemistry for the past thirty-five years. His research group exploits new electrochemical technologies for testing new aluminum and magnesium alloys. In addition, he has published many papers and book chapters in the field.