Groundwater Age
1. Auflage Juli 2006
352 Seiten, Hardcover
Wiley & Sons Ltd
Kurzbeschreibung
Groundwater age dating is an important technique in determining water quality and includes groundwater flow and transport models, management of dryland salinity, and the study of groundwater pollution. Groundwater Age Dating collects several dating techniques into one resource to help researchers understand the various groundwater dating methods and select an appropriate one for their task.
The art and science of groundwater age dating
Traditionally concerned with the flow rate calculation, recharge estimation, and renewability of groundwater resources, the application of groundwater age data has now expanded to include such issues as the calibration of groundwater flow and transport models, the management of dry land salinity, and the study of groundwater vulnerability and pollution. In short, thanks to both technical developments in the field and worldwide concerns about water resources, the study of groundwater age has coalesced into a potent and much respected field. In this comprehensive book, the field of groundwater age dating receives the major reference it needs and deserves.
Written by three leading experts in the field, Groundwater Age aggregates, in one volume, state-of-the-art knowledge concerning groundwater dating, including its historical development, principles, applications, various methods, and likely future progress in its concepts.
The book discusses such topics as:
* Essential definitions and the basics of groundwater dating science
* The history of groundwater dating, including pioneers and key contributors to the field
* Applications and uses of age data for consulting companies and resource managers
* Various methods for age dating young, old, and very old groundwaters
* New mathematical approaches
* Modeling of groundwater age and residence time distributions
* Thoughts on and suggestions for current practices and future progress
Presenting modern knowledge and cutting-edge research simply and clearly, Groundwater Age will satisfy and stimulate both seasoned professionals and student novices alike.
Acknowledgments.
Chapter 1. Introduction.
1.1 Age and lifetime.
1.2 Age determination in geology (Geochronology) and in other disciplines.
1.3 Groundwater age and groundwater residence time.
1.4 Life expectancy.
1.5 Isochrone and life expectancy maps.
1.6 Some groundwater age related terms.
Chapter 2. History of groundwater age dating research.
2.1 Pioneer of Groundwater Age discipline-sequence of the earliest publications.
2.2 Laboratories worldwide for dating groundwater samples.
2.3 Major contributors to Groundwater Age dating discipline.
2.4 Names familiar in the Groundwater Dating business.
2.5 Important publications.
2.6 Aquifers subjected to extensive dating studies.
Chapter 3. The applications of groundwater age data.
3.1 Renewability of the groundwater reservoirs.
3.2 An effective communication tool for scientists and managers- and curiosity to laymen as well.
3.3 Age monitoring for the prevention of over exploitation and contamination of aquifers.
3.4 Estimation of the recharge rate.
3.5 Calculation of the groundwater flow velocity.
3.6 Identification of the groundwater flow paths.
3.7 Assessing the rates of groundwater and contaminants transport through aquitards.
3.8 Constraining the parameters of groundwater flow and transports models (estimation of large scale flow and transport properties).
3.9 Identification of the mixing between different end members.
3.10 Study of the pre-Holocene (late Pleistocene) climate.
3.11 Evaluation of the groundwater pollution.
3.12 Calculation of the travel time of the groundwater plume to the points of interest.
3.13 Mapping vulnerability of the shallow aquifers.
3.14 Performance assessments for radioactive waste disposal facilities.
3.15 Site specific applications.
Chapter 4. Age-dating young groundwaters.
4.1 Important points.
4.2 Tritium.
4.3 3H/3He.
4.4 Helium-4.
4.5 Krypton-85.
4.6 CFCs.
4.7 SF6.
4.8 36Cl/Cl.
4.9 Indirect methods.
Chapter 5. Age-dating old groundwaters.
5.1 Silicon-32.
5.2 Argon-39.
5.3 Carbon-14.
5.4 Indirect methods.
Chapter 6. Age-dating very old groundwaters.
6.1 Krypton-81.
6.2 Chloride-36.
6.3 Helium-4.
6.4 Argon-40.
6.5 Iodine-129.
6.6 Uranium disequilibrium series.
Chapter 7. Modeling of groundwater age and residence time distributions.
7.1 Overview and state-of-the-art.
7.2 Basics in groundwater age transport.
7.3 Selected typical examples.
Chapter 8. Issues and thoughts in groundwater dating.
8.1 The need for more dating methods and the currently proposed potential method.
8.2 Translating simulation of groundwater ages techniques into practice- More applications for age data.
8.3 Worldwide practices of groundwater age-dating.
8.4 Proposal for a groundwater age map - Worldwide groundwater age maps.
8.5 Works which can and need to be done to enhance groundwater age science.
8.5 Major problems facing groundwater dating discipline.
8.7 Some thoughtful questions - Concluding remarks and Future of groundwater dating.
References.
Appendix 1: Decay Curves of Groundwater Dating Isotopes. That of Tritium Is Shown in Chapter 4.
Appendix 2: Some Useful Information for Groundwater Dating Studies and Table of Conversion of Units.
Appendix 3: Concentration of Noble Gases (Used in Groundwater Dating) and Some Important Constituents of the Atmosphere.
Index.
JAY H. LEHR is the Senior Scientist on the Technical Advisory Board at Earthwater Global, LLC and a Senior Scientist at the Heartland Institute. He is the author of fourteen books and over 500 articles on environmental science.
PIERRE PERROCHET has twenty years of experience in the field of groundwater flow and transport modeling within various world-renowned research institutions. His scientific interests focus on theoretical and computational developments related to hydro-thermo-chemical phenomena, with numerous applications to environmental and hydrogeological engineering issues. He is presently Professor at the Centre of Hydrogeology, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland, where he teaches groundwater dynamics, transport processes, and mathematical modeling.
