Preface

Preface to Molecular Biology in Histopathology

Contributors

BLOTTING TECHNIQUES: METHODOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS

Introduction

Blotting techniques

References

IN SITU HYBRIDISATION IN HISTOPATHOLOGY

Introduction

Experimental conditions

Probes and labels

Controls and pitfalls

Double-labelling

Increasing the sensitivity of ISH

What we do in our laboratories

Applications of ISH: examples

Perspective

References

DNA FLOW CYTOMETRY

Introduction

Definitions and terms

Dye used for DNA analysis

Sample preparation for DNA analysis

Analysis of the DNA histogram

Quality control

Computer analysis of the DNA histogram

Multiparametric measurement

Acknowledgements

References

INTERPHASE CYTOGENICS

Introduction

Interphase cytogenics

Applications

Conclusion

References

ONCOGENES

Introduction

Identification of the oncogenes

Functions of the oncogenes

Mechanism of oncogene activation

Oncogenes in colorectal cancer

Oncogenes in breast cancer

Oncogenes in lung cancer

Oncogenes in haematological malignancies

Other cancers

Conclusion

References

MOLECULAR AND IMMUNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CELL PROLIFERATION

The cell cycle and its importance in clinical pathology

Molecular control of the cell cycle

Cell cycle control

The cell cycle and cancer

Immunocytochemical markers of proliferating cells

References

Further reading

INTERPHASE NUCLEOLAR ORGANISER REGIONS IN TUMOUR PATHOLOGY

Introduction

The AgNORs

NOR silver-staining

Quantitative AgNOR analysis

AgNORs as a parameter of the level of cell proliferation

Application of the AgNOR technique to tumour pathology

What future for AGNORs in tumour pathology

References

APOPTOSIS AND CELL SENESCENCE

Introduction

Apoptosis

Cell senescence

Summary

References

THE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

Introduction

Principles

Analysis of products

RT-PCR

Quantitative PCR

DNA and RNA extraction

Correlation of the PCR with morphology

Problems

Applications

Diagnostic applications

Infectious diseases

Identity

The future

References

Online information

LASER CAPTURE MICRODISSECTION: TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS IN THE MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF THE CANCER CELL

Introduction

The principle of LCM

Technical considerations

Advantages and disadvantages of LCM

Applications of LCM

Future perspectives

Acknowledgements

References

THE IN SITU POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

Introduction

Overview of the methodology

In-cell PCR technologies

In-cell amplification of DNA

In-cell amplification of RNA

References

TAQMAN(R) TECHNOLOGY AND REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

Introduction

Probe technologies

TaqMan(r) probe and chemistry

TaqMan(r) PCR conditions

Interpretation of results

Relative quantitation

References

GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS USING MICROARRAYS

Introduction

Microarray experiments

Data analysis

Recent examples of microarray applications

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Further reading

Useful websites

COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDISATION IN PATHOLOGY

Introduction

Technique

Data analysis

Applications

Clinical applications

Screening for chromosomal abnormalities in fetal and neofetal genomes

Future perspectives

References

DNA SEQUENCING AND THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT

Introduction

DNA sequencing: the basics

Applications of DNA sequencing

The Human Genome Project

Further reading

Useful websites

MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES: THE GENERATION AND APPLICATION OF 'TOOLS OF THE TRADE' WITHIN BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE

Introduction

Antibodies and antigens

Polyclonal antibodies

Monoclonal antibody development

Monoclonal antibody variants

Monoclonal antibody applications

Specific applications

Therapy

Specific applications

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

PROTEOMICS

Introduction

Definitions and applications

Stages in proteome analysis

Future directions

References

Index