Condensed Matter Physics
2. Auflage Dezember 2010
992 Seiten, Hardcover
Fachbuch
ISBN:
978-0-470-61798-4
John Wiley & Sons
Kurzbeschreibung
Condensed matter physics deals with macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter. This second edition keeps the best of the first, providing a basic knowledge foundation in condensed matter physics while uncovering the field's latest discoveries. It offers a thorough treatment of both new and classic topics, clarifies subject matter via frequent comparison of theory and experiment, and features end-of-chapter problems. Researchers, engineers, applied mathematicians, materials scientists, and graduate students will appreciate that it is the only book providing a comprehensive introduction both to conventional solid state physics and soft condensed matter physics in a single volume.
This Second Edition presents an updated review of the whole field of condensed matter physics. It consolidates new and classic topics from disparate sources, teaching not only about the effective masses of electrons in semiconductor crystals and band theory, but also about quasicrystals, dynamics of phase separation, why rubber is more floppy than steel, granular materials, quantum dots, Berry phases, the quantum Hall effect, and Luttinger liquids.
Preface.
References.
I ATOMIC STRUCTURE.
1 The Idea of Crystals.
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 Two-Dimensional Lattices.
1.3 Symmetries.
2 Three-Dimensional Lattices.
2.1 Introduction.
2.2 Monatomic Lattices.
2.3 Compounds.
2.4 Classification of Lattices by Symmetry.
2.5 Symmetries of Lattices with Bases.
2.6 Some Macroscopic Implications of Microscopic Symmetries . . . .
3 Scattering and Structures.
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Theory of Scattering from Crystals.
3.3 Experimental Methods.
3.4 Further Features of Scattering Experiments.
3.5 Correlation Functions.
4 Surfaces and Interfaces.
4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Geometry of Interfaces.
4.3 Experimental Observation and Creation of Surfaces.
5 Beyond Crystals.
5.1 Introduction.
5.2 Diffusion and Random Variables.
5.3 Alloys.
5.4 Simulations.
5.5 Liquids.
5.6 Glasses.
5.7 Liquid Crystals.
5.8 Polymers.
5.9 Colloids and Diffusing-Wave Scattering.
5.10 Quasicrystals.
5.11 Fullerenes and nanotubes.
II ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE.
6 The Free Fermi Gas and Single Electron Model.
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Starting Hamiltonian.
6.3 Densities of States.
6.4 Statistical Mechanics of Noninteracting Electrons.
6.5 Sommerfeld Expansion.
7 Non-Interacting Electrons in a Periodic Potential.
7.1 Introduction.
7.2 Translational Symmetry--Bloch's Theorem.
7.3 Rotational Symmetry--Group Representations.
8 Nearly Free and Tightly Bound Electrons.
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Nearly Free Electrons.
8.3 Brillouin Zones.
8.4 Tightly Bound Electrons.
9 Electron-Electron Interactions.
9.1 Introduction.
9.2 Hartree and Hartree-Fock Equations.
9.3 Density Functional Theory.
9.4 Quantum Monte Carlo.
9.5 Kohn-Sham Equations.
10 Realistic Calculations in Solids.
10.1 Introduction.
10.2 Numerical Methods.
10.3 Definition of Metals, Insulators, and Semiconductors.
10.4 Brief Survey of the Periodic Table.
III MECHANICAL PROPERTIES.
11 Cohesion of Solids.
11.1 Introduction.
11.2 Noble Gases.
11.3 Ionic Crystals.
11.4 Metals.
11.5 Band Structure Energy.
11.6 Hydrogen-Bonded Solids.
11.7 Cohesive Energy from Band Calculations.
11.8 Classical Potentials.
12 Elasticity.
12.1 Introduction.
12.2 Nonlinear Elasticity.
12.3 Linear Elasticity.
12.4 Other Constitutive Laws.
13 Phonons.
13.1 Introduction.
13.2 Vibrations of a Classical Lattice.
13.3 Vibrations of a Quantum-Mechanical Lattice.
13.4 Inelastic Scattering from Phonons.
13.5 The Mössbauer Effect.
14 Dislocations and Cracks.
14.1 Introduction.
14.2 Dislocations.
14.3 Two-Dimensional Dislocations and Hexatic Phases.
14.4 Cracks.
15 Fluid Mechanics.
15.1 Introduction.
15.2 Newtonian Fluids.
15.3 Polymeric Solutions.
15.4 Plasticity.
15.5 Superfluida 4He.
IV ELECTRON TRANSPORT.
16 Dynamics of Bloch Electrons.
16.1 Introduction.
16.2 Semiclassical Electron Dynamics.
16.3 Noninteracting Electrons in an Electric Field.
16.4 Semiclassical Equations from Wave Packets.
16.5 Quantizing Semiclassical Dynamics.
17 Transport Phenomena and Fermi Liquid Theory.
17.1 Introduction.
17.2 Boltzmann Equation.
17.3 Transport Symmetries.
17.4 Thermoelectric Phenomena.
17.5 Fermi Liquid Theory.
18 Microscopic Theories of Conduction.
18.1 Introduction.
18.2 Weak Scattering Theory of Conductivity.
18.3 Metal-Insulator Transitions in Disordered Solids.
18.4 Compensated Impurity Scattering and Green's Functions.
18.5 Localization.
18.6 Luttinger Liquids.
19 Electronics.
19.1 Introduction.
19.2 Metal Interfaces.
19.3 Semiconductors.
19.4 Diodes and Transistors.
19.5 Inversion Layers.
V OPTICAL PROPERTIES.
20 Phenomenological Theory.
20.1 Introduction.
20.2 Maxwell's Equations.
20.3 Kramers-Kronig Relations.
20.4 The Kubo-Greenwood Formula.
21 Optical Properties of Semiconductors.
21.1 Introduction.
21.2 Cyclotron Resonance.
21.3 Semiconductor Band Gaps.
21.4 Excitons.
21.5 Optoelectronics.
22 Optical Properties of Insulators.
22.1 Introduction.
22.2 Polarization.
22.3 Optical Modes in Ionic Crystals.
22.4 Point Defects and Color Centers.
23 Optical Properties of Metals and Inelastic Scattering.
23.1 Introduction.
23.2 Metals at Low Frequencies.
23.3 Plasmons.
23.4 Interband Transitions.
23.5 Brillouin and Raman Scattering.
23.6 Photoemission.
VI MAGNETISM.
24 Classical Theories of Magnetism and Ordering.
24.1 Introduction.
24.2 Three Views of Magnetism.
24.3 Magnetic Dipole Moments.
24.4 Mean Field Theory and the Ising Model.
24.5 Other Order-Disorder Transitions.
24.6 Critical Phenomena.
25 Magnetism of Ions and Electrons.
25.1 Introduction.
25.2 Atomic Magnetism.
25.3 Magnetism of the Free-Electron Gas.
25.4 Tightly Bound Electrons in Magnetic Fields.
25.5 Quantum Hall Effect.
26 Quantum Mechanics of Interacting Magnetic Moments.
26.1 Introduction.
26.2 Origin of Ferromagnetism.
26.3 Heisenberg Model.
26.4 Ferromagnetism in Transition Metals.
26.5 Spintronics.
26.6 Kondo Effect.
26.7 Hubbard Model.
27 Superconductivity.
27.1 Introduction.
27.2 Phenomenology of Superconductivity.
27.3 Microscopic Theory of Superconductivity.
APPENDICES.
A Lattice Sums and Fourier Transforms.
A.1 One-Dimensional Sum.
A.2 Area Under Peaks.
A.3 Three-Dimensional Sum.
A.4 Discrete Case.
A.5 Convolution.
A.6 Using the Fast Fourier Transform.
B Variational Techniques.
B.1 Functionals and Functional Derivatives.
B.2 Time-Independent Schrödinger Equation.
B.3 Time-Dependent Schrödinger Equation.
B.4 Method of Steepest Descent.
C Second Quantization.
C.1 Rules.
C.2 Derivations.
Index.
References.
I ATOMIC STRUCTURE.
1 The Idea of Crystals.
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 Two-Dimensional Lattices.
1.3 Symmetries.
2 Three-Dimensional Lattices.
2.1 Introduction.
2.2 Monatomic Lattices.
2.3 Compounds.
2.4 Classification of Lattices by Symmetry.
2.5 Symmetries of Lattices with Bases.
2.6 Some Macroscopic Implications of Microscopic Symmetries . . . .
3 Scattering and Structures.
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Theory of Scattering from Crystals.
3.3 Experimental Methods.
3.4 Further Features of Scattering Experiments.
3.5 Correlation Functions.
4 Surfaces and Interfaces.
4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Geometry of Interfaces.
4.3 Experimental Observation and Creation of Surfaces.
5 Beyond Crystals.
5.1 Introduction.
5.2 Diffusion and Random Variables.
5.3 Alloys.
5.4 Simulations.
5.5 Liquids.
5.6 Glasses.
5.7 Liquid Crystals.
5.8 Polymers.
5.9 Colloids and Diffusing-Wave Scattering.
5.10 Quasicrystals.
5.11 Fullerenes and nanotubes.
II ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE.
6 The Free Fermi Gas and Single Electron Model.
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Starting Hamiltonian.
6.3 Densities of States.
6.4 Statistical Mechanics of Noninteracting Electrons.
6.5 Sommerfeld Expansion.
7 Non-Interacting Electrons in a Periodic Potential.
7.1 Introduction.
7.2 Translational Symmetry--Bloch's Theorem.
7.3 Rotational Symmetry--Group Representations.
8 Nearly Free and Tightly Bound Electrons.
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Nearly Free Electrons.
8.3 Brillouin Zones.
8.4 Tightly Bound Electrons.
9 Electron-Electron Interactions.
9.1 Introduction.
9.2 Hartree and Hartree-Fock Equations.
9.3 Density Functional Theory.
9.4 Quantum Monte Carlo.
9.5 Kohn-Sham Equations.
10 Realistic Calculations in Solids.
10.1 Introduction.
10.2 Numerical Methods.
10.3 Definition of Metals, Insulators, and Semiconductors.
10.4 Brief Survey of the Periodic Table.
III MECHANICAL PROPERTIES.
11 Cohesion of Solids.
11.1 Introduction.
11.2 Noble Gases.
11.3 Ionic Crystals.
11.4 Metals.
11.5 Band Structure Energy.
11.6 Hydrogen-Bonded Solids.
11.7 Cohesive Energy from Band Calculations.
11.8 Classical Potentials.
12 Elasticity.
12.1 Introduction.
12.2 Nonlinear Elasticity.
12.3 Linear Elasticity.
12.4 Other Constitutive Laws.
13 Phonons.
13.1 Introduction.
13.2 Vibrations of a Classical Lattice.
13.3 Vibrations of a Quantum-Mechanical Lattice.
13.4 Inelastic Scattering from Phonons.
13.5 The Mössbauer Effect.
14 Dislocations and Cracks.
14.1 Introduction.
14.2 Dislocations.
14.3 Two-Dimensional Dislocations and Hexatic Phases.
14.4 Cracks.
15 Fluid Mechanics.
15.1 Introduction.
15.2 Newtonian Fluids.
15.3 Polymeric Solutions.
15.4 Plasticity.
15.5 Superfluida 4He.
IV ELECTRON TRANSPORT.
16 Dynamics of Bloch Electrons.
16.1 Introduction.
16.2 Semiclassical Electron Dynamics.
16.3 Noninteracting Electrons in an Electric Field.
16.4 Semiclassical Equations from Wave Packets.
16.5 Quantizing Semiclassical Dynamics.
17 Transport Phenomena and Fermi Liquid Theory.
17.1 Introduction.
17.2 Boltzmann Equation.
17.3 Transport Symmetries.
17.4 Thermoelectric Phenomena.
17.5 Fermi Liquid Theory.
18 Microscopic Theories of Conduction.
18.1 Introduction.
18.2 Weak Scattering Theory of Conductivity.
18.3 Metal-Insulator Transitions in Disordered Solids.
18.4 Compensated Impurity Scattering and Green's Functions.
18.5 Localization.
18.6 Luttinger Liquids.
19 Electronics.
19.1 Introduction.
19.2 Metal Interfaces.
19.3 Semiconductors.
19.4 Diodes and Transistors.
19.5 Inversion Layers.
V OPTICAL PROPERTIES.
20 Phenomenological Theory.
20.1 Introduction.
20.2 Maxwell's Equations.
20.3 Kramers-Kronig Relations.
20.4 The Kubo-Greenwood Formula.
21 Optical Properties of Semiconductors.
21.1 Introduction.
21.2 Cyclotron Resonance.
21.3 Semiconductor Band Gaps.
21.4 Excitons.
21.5 Optoelectronics.
22 Optical Properties of Insulators.
22.1 Introduction.
22.2 Polarization.
22.3 Optical Modes in Ionic Crystals.
22.4 Point Defects and Color Centers.
23 Optical Properties of Metals and Inelastic Scattering.
23.1 Introduction.
23.2 Metals at Low Frequencies.
23.3 Plasmons.
23.4 Interband Transitions.
23.5 Brillouin and Raman Scattering.
23.6 Photoemission.
VI MAGNETISM.
24 Classical Theories of Magnetism and Ordering.
24.1 Introduction.
24.2 Three Views of Magnetism.
24.3 Magnetic Dipole Moments.
24.4 Mean Field Theory and the Ising Model.
24.5 Other Order-Disorder Transitions.
24.6 Critical Phenomena.
25 Magnetism of Ions and Electrons.
25.1 Introduction.
25.2 Atomic Magnetism.
25.3 Magnetism of the Free-Electron Gas.
25.4 Tightly Bound Electrons in Magnetic Fields.
25.5 Quantum Hall Effect.
26 Quantum Mechanics of Interacting Magnetic Moments.
26.1 Introduction.
26.2 Origin of Ferromagnetism.
26.3 Heisenberg Model.
26.4 Ferromagnetism in Transition Metals.
26.5 Spintronics.
26.6 Kondo Effect.
26.7 Hubbard Model.
27 Superconductivity.
27.1 Introduction.
27.2 Phenomenology of Superconductivity.
27.3 Microscopic Theory of Superconductivity.
APPENDICES.
A Lattice Sums and Fourier Transforms.
A.1 One-Dimensional Sum.
A.2 Area Under Peaks.
A.3 Three-Dimensional Sum.
A.4 Discrete Case.
A.5 Convolution.
A.6 Using the Fast Fourier Transform.
B Variational Techniques.
B.1 Functionals and Functional Derivatives.
B.2 Time-Independent Schrödinger Equation.
B.3 Time-Dependent Schrödinger Equation.
B.4 Method of Steepest Descent.
C Second Quantization.
C.1 Rules.
C.2 Derivations.
Index.
"The text also gives more leisurely attention to the topics of primary interest to most students: electron and phonon bond structures." (Booknews, 1 February 2011)
"In this text intended for a one-year graduate course, Marder (physics, U. of Texas, Austin) comments in the preface that this second edition incorporates the many thousands of updates and corrections suggested by readers of the first edition published in 1999, and he even gives credit to several individuals who found the most errors. He also points out that "the entire discipline of condensed matter is roughly ten percent older than when the first edition was written, so adding some new topics seemed appropriate." These new topics - chosen because of increasing recognition of their importance - include graphene and nanotubes, Berry phases, Luttinger liquids, diffusion, dynamic light scattering, and spin torques. The text also gives more leisurely attention to the topics of primary interest to most students: electron and phonon bond structures." (Reference and Research Book News, February 2011)
"In this text intended for a one-year graduate course, Marder (physics, U. of Texas, Austin) comments in the preface that this second edition incorporates the many thousands of updates and corrections suggested by readers of the first edition published in 1999, and he even gives credit to several individuals who found the most errors. He also points out that "the entire discipline of condensed matter is roughly ten percent older than when the first edition was written, so adding some new topics seemed appropriate." These new topics - chosen because of increasing recognition of their importance - include graphene and nanotubes, Berry phases, Luttinger liquids, diffusion, dynamic light scattering, and spin torques. The text also gives more leisurely attention to the topics of primary interest to most students: electron and phonon bond structures." (Reference and Research Book News, February 2011)
Michael P. Marder, PhD, is the Associate Dean for Science and Mathematics Education and Professor in the Department of Physics at the University of Texas at Austin, where he has been involved in a wide variety of theoretical, numerical, and experimental investigations. He specializes in the mechanics of solids, particularly the fracture of brittle materials. Dr. Marder has carried out experimental studies of crack instabilities in plastics and rubber, and constructed analytical theories for how cracks move in crystals. Recently he has studied the way that membranes ripple due to changes in their geometry, and properties of frictional sliding at small length scales.
