Two from One
A Short Introduction to Cell Division Mechanisms
1. Auflage Dezember 2022
240 Seiten, Softcover
Lehrbuch
TWO FROM ONE
Condensed and easy step-in resource to the vast universe of cell cycle control and cell division
Two from One: A Short Introduction to Cell Division Mechanisms is an easy and solid step-in for students and all individuals starting to learn about cell and molecular biology, as well as professionals looking for an avenue into the subject, emphasizing general concepts and universal aspects of eukaryotic cell division without getting lost in the vast amount of detail across the overall field. The text enables readers to learn about general concepts and discoveries from various systems and approaches to elucidate the process of cell division, with descriptions of scientific processes included throughout in order to aid in reader comprehension.
The content and material have been taught, revised, and simplified based on student feedback, to be as accessible as possible to a broader audience. It can be read in a few hours by anyone with an interest in the topic and an undergraduate background.
In Two from One, readers can expect to find coverage on a myriad of essential topics, such as:
* Cell theory, mitosis, chromosome theory of heredity, DNA, and why/how cell cycles come in many flavors
* Cell growth and division, covering balanced growth and cell proliferation, measures of cell growth, and the relationship between cell growth and division
* Assaying cell cycle progression, covering measuring cell cycle phases, single-cell imaging, labeled mitoses, and frequency distributions
* Duplicating the genome, covering DNA replication, origin firing, chromatin, checkpoints, and the DNA damage checkpoint
Undergraduates, graduate students, and early career professionals in cell biology, biomedicine, and biology, along with post docs changing subject area or needing further information on cell division, will find Two from One to be an immensely useful, accessible, and reader-friendly resource in a traditionally highly complex field.
INTRODUCTION 6
CHAPTER 1 - HISTORY AND CONTEXT 8
From cells to their nuclei 8
The cell theory 9
Mitosis 10
The chromosome theory of heredity 12
DNA 15
Cell cycles come in many flavors 17
CHAPTER 2 - CELL GROWTH AND DIVISION 21
Balanced growth and cell proliferation 21
Measures of cell growth 24
The relationship between cell growth and division 27
Patterns of growth in the cell cycle 29
Amoeba cell growth 30
Fission yeast growth 30
Budding yeast growth 31
Mammalian cell growth 33
Sizers, Adders, Timers 33
CHAPTER 3 - ASSAYING CELL CYCLE PROGRESSION 40
Measuring cell cycle phases 40
Single-cell imaging 40
Labelled mitoses 41
Frequency distributions 43
Growth limitations and variations in the duration of cell cycle phases 46
Synchronous cultures 48
How can one induce synchrony? 48
Selecting for synchrony 51
Elutriation: The mother of all synchrony selections 52
CHAPTER 4 - THE MASTER SWITCH 55
Genetic analyses leading the way 55
The cdc28 mutant of budding yeast 55
From the wee1 to the cdc2 mutant of fission yeast 59
What is true for one is true for all 61
Author: M. Polymenis Book title: Two from One Page - 9
All roads lead to the same control system 61
Cyclins 62
MPF 64
Making sense of it all 68
Cyclins galore in budding yeast 68
G1 cyclins 69
Back to wee1 70
CHAPTER 5 - CONTROLLING THE MASTER SWITCH 73
Cyclins in Cdk complexes 74
Cdk as a target of phosphorylations 76
Activating phosphorylation 76
Inhibitory phosphorylation 77
Other proteins in cyclin/Cdk complexes 77
Cdk inhibitors 78
Cip/Kip proteins 79
INK4 proteins 80
Cks1 80
What are its targets and how Cdk phosphorylates them 80
Defining the Cdk substrate universe 80
Cyclin the recruiter 82
Here comes Cks1 83
Ordering Cdk phosphorylation in the cell cycle 85
Order from intrinsic Cdk activity 85
Order and precision from specificity 87
CHAPTER 6 - A FULL CIRCLE OF THE SWITCH 90
Modeling a cell cycle oscillator 90
The M-Cdk switch 93
Exit from interphase into mitosis 93
The anaphase promoting complex (APC) 94
From metaphase to anaphase 94
Flipping the M-Cdk switch off 95
Unsolved problem: 'Sizing' the M-Cdk switch 98
The G1/S Cdk switch 98
G1-Cdk activates G1/S transcription 99
Doing away with transcriptional inhibitors 99
The G1 cyclin Cln3 rises and targets Whi5 100
Whi5 is diluted away as cells grow in size 102
Positive feedback at the G1/S switch 102
Negative feedback at the G1/S switch 103
Physiological relevance of G1/S switch in cancer 104
Transcriptional waves until the end of the cell cycle 105
Comments on overall gene expression in the cell cycle 107
CHAPTER 7 - DUPLICATING THE GENOME 109
DNA replication 109
Setting the stage 110
Origin firing 113
Chromatin 115
Sisters stay together 116
Checkpoints 119
The general concept 119
DNA damage checkpoint 120
CHAPTER 8 - SEGREGATING THE CHROMOSOMES 124
Blind men's riddle 124
The mitotic spindle 125
Tubulin 126
MTs are dynamic 127
Scaling the spindle 130
The microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) 131
The kinetochore 135
Kinetochore-MT interactions: May the force be with you 136
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) 140
CHAPTER 9 - SEGREGATING ORGANELLES AND THE CYTOPLASM 143
The Golgi 145
Mitochondria 147
Lysosomes and vacuoles 150
Mitotic fragmentation of the nuclear envelope 151
Cytokinesis: Two from One 152
Position 153
Assemble 156
Contract 158
LIST OF PROTEINS OR COMPLEXES AND THEIR FUNCTION 160
REFERENCES
