Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants in the Environment
Analysis, Processes, Occurrence, Effects and Risks
1. Edition February 2014
964 Pages, Hardcover
Wiley & Sons Ltd
Short Description
One of the first books to cover transformation products, rather than primary compounds, Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants in the Environment gathers, specifies, synthesizes, and advances existing knowledge of the most important transformation product (TPs) of the main groups of emerging contaminants with potential concern to human health and the environment. This two-volume set for researchers and professionals covers the sources of TPs of emerging contaminants and their environmental behavior, their occurrence and effects on urban and marine environments, risk assessment and management, and technologies and strategies available for control.
Over the last 15 years, the focus of chemical pollution has shifted from conventional pollutants to so-called "emerging" or "new" unregulated contaminants. These include pharmaceuticals and personal care products, hormones, UV filters, perfluorinated compounds, poylybrominated flame retardants (BFRs), pesticides, plasticizers, artificial sweeteners, illicit drugs, and endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs). Despite the increasing number of published studies covering emerging contaminants, we know almost nothing about the effects of their transformation products and/or metabolites.
This two-volume set provides a unique collection of research on transformation products, their occurrence, fate and risks in the environment. It contains 32 chapters, organised into 7 parts, each with a distinct focus:
* General Considerations
* Transformation Processes and Treatment Strategies
* Analytical Strategies
* Occurrence, Fate and Effects in the Environment
* Global Speciality and Environmental Status
* Risk Assessment, Management and Regulatory Framework
* Outlook
Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants in the Environment is a valuable resource for researchers and industry professionals in environmental chemistry, analytical chemistry, ecotoxicology, environmental sciences, and hydrology, as well as environmental consultants and regulatory bodies.
List of Contributors xv
VOLUME 1
PART I GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1
1 Classifying the Transformation Products (TPs) of Emerging Contaminants (ECs) for Prioritizing Research into their Impact on the Environment and Human Health 3
Jacek Namiesnik, Lidia Wolska, Radosaw Czernych, Grazyna Gaeziowska and Monia Cieszynska
References 49
2 Transformation Products of Emerging Organic Compounds as Future Groundwater and Drinking Water Contaminants 65
Marianne E. Stuart and Dan J. Lapworth
References 79
PART II TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES AND TREATMENT STRATEGIES 87
3 Phototransformation Processes of Emerging Contaminants in Surface Water 89
Davide Vione and Serge Chiron
References 118
4 Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants upon Reaction with Conventional Water Disinfection Oxidants 123
Jose Benito Quintana, Rosario Rodil and Isaac Rodr(c)¥guez
References 155
5 Approaches to Water andWastewater Treatment for Removal of Emerging Contaminants: Ongoing Research and Recommendations for Future Work 161
Sixto Malato, P. Fernandez-Ibanez, I. Oller, L. Prieto-Rodriguez, S. Miralles-Cuevas and Alejandro Cabrera-Reina
References 175
6 Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants Formed during Advanced Oxidation Processes 179
Ioannis K. Konstantinou, Dimitra A. Lambropoulou and Maria Antonopoulou
Acknowledgments 218
References 218
7 Enzymatic Reactors Applied for the Biotransformation of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals 229
J.M. Lema, M.T. Moreira, G. Eibes, T. Lu-Chau, L. Lloret, R. Taboada, A. Arca-Ramos and G. Feijoo
References 255
8 Biologically Mediated Chiral Inversion of Emerging Contaminants 261
Stuart J. Khan
References 274
PART III ANALYTICAL STRATEGIES 281
9 Quality Issues in Water Sampling, Sample Pre-Treatment and Monitoring 283
Sara Bogialli, Stefano Polesello and Sara Valsecchi
References 298
10 Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants: Analytical Challenges and Future Needs 303
B. Zonja, J. Acena, A. Jelic, M. Petrovic, S. Perez and D. Barcelo
Acknowledgments 320
References 320
11 Advanced Mass Spectrometry-Based Techniques for the Identification and Structure Elucidation of Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants 325
Paola Calza and Fabbri Debora
References 346
12 Applications of NMR Techniques for the Identification and Structure Elucidation of Emerging Organic and Other Xenobiotic Organic Contaminants 351
Alfred Preiss and Markus Godejohann
List of Abbreviations 377
References 378
Index 385
VOLUME 2
PART IV OCCURRENCE, FATE AND EFFECTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT: AN OVERVIEW OF MAJOR CLASSES 385
13 Transformation Products of Pesticides in the Environment: Analysis and Occurrence 387
Ana Aguera Lopez, Marya del Mar Gomez Ramos, and Amadeo R. Fernandez-Alba
Acknowledgments 420
References 420
14 Metabolites and Transformation Products of Pharmaceuticals in the Aquatic Environment as Contaminants of Emerging Concern 425
I. Michael, M.I. Vasquez, E. Hapeshi, T. Haddad, E. Baginska, K. Kummerer, and D. Fatta-Kassinos
Acknowledgments 459
References 459
15 Transformation Products of Personal Care Products: UV Filters Case Studies 471
Kristina Pestotnik, Tina Kosjek, and Ester Heath
Acknowledgements 499
Abbreviations 499
References 501
16 Transformation Products of Illicit Drugs 505
Dimitra A. Lambropoulou and Eleni Evgenidou
References 527
17 Transformation Products of Artificial Sweeteners 537
Marco Scheurer, Heinz-Jurgen Brauch, and Frank Thomas Lange
References 552
18 Transformation Products of Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) 557
Alin C. Dirtu, Alin C. Ionas, Govindan Malarvannan, and Adrian Covaci
Acknowledgements 580
References 581
19 Transformation Products of Alkylphenols 589
Montserrat Cortina-Puig, Gabino Bolyvar-Subirats, Carlos Barata, and Silvia Lacorte
Acknowledgments 616
References 616
20 Biotic and Abiotic Transformation Processes of Benzotriazoles: Possible Pathways and Products 625
Dimitra Voutsa
References 634
21 Identification (Quantitative Determination and Detection) and Fate of Transformation Products of Rocket Fuel 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine 639
Bulat Kenessov, Lars Carlsen
References 657
22 Assessment of the Occurrence and Fate of Transformation Products of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds EDCs in the Environment 661
Vasiliki Boti, Vasilios Sakkas, and Triantafyllos Albanis
References 681
23 Transformation Products of Hazardous Cyanobacterial Metabolites in Water 687
Anastasia Hiskia, Theodoros M. Triantis, Maria G. Antoniou, Armah A. de la Cruz, Kevin O'Shea, Weihua Song, Theodora Fotiou, Triantafyllos Kaloudis, Xuexiang He, Joel Andersen, and Dionysios D. Dionysiou
References 711
PART V GLOBAL SPACIALITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS OF TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT 721
24 Occurrence of Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants in Water Resources 723
Carlos GonScalves, Maria A.D. de Sousa, and Maria de Fatima Alpendurada
References 758
25 Occurrence of Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants in Water Resources of the United States 763
Imma Ferrer and E. Michael Thurman
References 782
26 Spatial Modeling for Elucidation of Perfluorinated Compound Sources and Fate in a Watershed 787
Yasuyuki Zushi and Shigeki Masunaga
Acknowledgments 805
References 805
27 Global Distribution of Polyfluoroalkyl and Perfluoroalkyl Substances and their Transformation Products in Environmental Solids 809
Holly Lee and Scott A. Mabury
References 830
PART VI RISK ASSESSMENT, MANAGEMENT AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 839
28 Toxicity and Risk of Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants for Aquatic Organisms: Pharmaceutical Case Studies 841
Marina DellaGreca, Marina Isidori, Fabio Temussi
References 868
29 Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship/Quantitative Structure- Toxicity Relationship (QSAR/QSTR) Modeling as Tools for Assessing Effects and Predicting Risks of Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants 871
Lars Carlsen and Bulat Kenessov
References 885
30 Steps Toward a Regulatory Framework for Transformation Products in Water 889
Maria D. Hernando Guil, Maria J. Mart?nez-Bueno, Laura Duran, Jose M. Navas and Amadeo R. Fernandez-Alba
References 908
31 NORMAN Association: A Network Approach to Scientific Collaboration on Emerging Contaminants and their Transformation Products in Europe 915
Jaroslav Slobodnik and Valeria Dulio
Acknowledgements 926
References 926
PART VII OUTLOOK 929
32 Outlook 931
Index 937
Dimitra A. Lambropoulou Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Leo M. L. Nollet Emeritus, Faculty of Applied Engineering Sciences, University College Ghent, Belgium