John Wiley & Sons Biological Sludge Minimization and Biomaterials/Bioenergy Recovery Technologies Cover This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date picture of sludge minimization and reuse with a fo.. Product #: 978-0-470-76882-2 Regular price: $123.36 $123.36 In Stock

Biological Sludge Minimization and Biomaterials/Bioenergy Recovery Technologies

Paul, Etienne / Liu, Yu (Editor)

Cover

1. Edition July 2012
536 Pages, Hardcover
Wiley & Sons Ltd

ISBN: 978-0-470-76882-2
John Wiley & Sons

Short Description

This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date picture of sludge minimization and reuse with a focus on process fundamentals, feasibility, and cost evaluation. A contributed volume written by experts in industry and academia, its coverage describes a range of methods to reduce sludge production during wastewater purification as an alternative to post-treatment of generated sludge. The book also helps engineers and other related readers make decisions for the appropriate technologies to accomplish their sludge management goals.

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This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date picture of sludge minimization and reuse with a focus on process fundamentals, feasibility, and cost evaluation. A contributed volume written by experts in industry and academia, its coverage describes a range of methods to reduce sludge production during wastewater purification as an alternative to post-treatment of generated sludge. The book also helps engineers and other related readers make decisions for the appropriate technologies to accomplish their sludge management goals.

Preface xvii

Contributors xxi

1 Fundamentals of Biological Processes for Wastewater Treatment 1
Jianlong Wang

1.1 Introduction, 1

1.2 Overview of Biological Wastewater Treatment, 2

1.3 Classification of Microorganisms, 4

1.4 Some Important Microorganisms in Wastewater Treatment, 8

1.5 Measurement of Microbial Biomass, 21

1.6 Microbial Nutrition, 24

1.7 Microbial Metabolism, 31

1.8 Functions of Biological Wastewater Treatment, 42

1.9 Activated Sludge Process, 59

1.10 Suspended- and Attached-Growth Processes, 69

1.11 Sludge Production, Treatment and Disposal, 74

References, 79

2 Sludge Production: Quantification and Prediction for Urban Treatment Plants and Assessment of Strategies for Sludge Reduction 81
Mathieu Spe´randio, Etienne Paul, Yolaine Bessie`re, and Yu Liu

2.1 Introduction, 81

2.2 Sludge Fractionation and Origin, 82

2.3 Quantification of Excess Sludge Production, 88

2.4 Practical Evaluation of Sludge Production, 99

2.5 Strategies for Excess Sludge Reduction, 106

2.6 Conclusions, 111

2.7 Nomenclature, 112

References, 114

3 Characterization of Municipal Wastewater and Sludge 117
Etienne Paul, Xavier Lefebvre, Mathieu Sperandio, Dominique Lefebvre, and Yu Liu


3.1 Introduction, 117

3.2 Definitions, 119

3.3 Wastewater and Sludge Composition and Fractionation, 120

3.4 Physical Fractionation, 123

3.5 Biodegradation Assays for Wastewater and Sludge Characterization, 124

3.6 Application to Wastewater COD Fractionation, 131

3.7 Assessment of the Characteristics of Sludge and Disintegrated Sludge, 143

3.8 Nomenclature, 147

References, 149

4 Oxic-Settling-Anaerobic Process for Enhanced Microbial Decay 155
Qingliang Zhao and Jianfang Wang

4.1 Introduction, 155

4.2 Description of the Oxic-Settling-Anaerobic Process, 156

4.3 Effects of an Anaerobic Sludge Tank on the Performance of an OSA System, 158

4.4 Sludge Production in an OSA System, 161

4.5 Performance of an OSA System, 162


4.6 Important Influence Factors, 164

4.7 Possible Sludge Reduction in the OSA Process, 166

4.8 Microbial Community in an OSA System, 171

4.9 Cost and Energy Evaluation, 174

4.10 Evaluation of the OSA Process, 175

4.11 Process Development, 176

References, 179

5 Energy Uncoupling for Sludge Minimization: Pros and Cons 183
Bo Jiang, Yu Liu, and Etienne Paul

5.1 Introduction, 183

5.2 Overview of Adenosine Triphosphate Synthesis, 184

5.3 Control of ATP Synthesis, 187

5.4 Energy Uncoupling for Sludge Reduction, 189

5.5 Modeling of Uncoupling Effect on Sludge Production, 200

5.6 Sideeffects of Chemical Uncouplers, 202

5.7 Full-Scale Application, 204

References, 204

6 Reduction of Excess Sludge Production Using Ozonation or Chlorination: Performance and Mechanisms of Action 209
Etienne Paul, Qi-Shan Liu, and Yu Liu

6.1 Introduction, 209

6.2 Significant Operational Results for ESP Reduction with Ozone, 210

6.3 Side Effects of Sludge Ozonation, 216

6.4 Cost Assessment, 221

6.5 Effect of Ozone on Sludge, 222

6.6 Modeling Ozonation Effect, 233

6.7 Remarks on Sludge Ozonation, 236

6.8 Chlorination in Water and Wastewater Treatment, 236

6.9 Nomenclature, 242

References, 244

7 High-Dissolved-Oxygen Biological Process for Sludge Reduction 249
Zhi-Wu Wang

7.1 Introduction, 249

7.2 Mechanism of High-Dissolved-Oxygen Reduced Sludge Production, 251

7.3 Limits of High-Dissolved-Oxygen Process for Reduced Sludge Production, 255

References, 256

8 Minimizing Excess Sludge Production Through Membrane Bioreactors and Integrated Processes 261
Philip Chuen-Yung Wong

8.1 Introduction, 261

8.2 Mass Balances, 262

8.3 Integrated Processes Based on Lysis-Cryptic Growth, 266

8.4 Predation, 283

8.5 Summary and Concluding Remarks, 285

References, 286

9 Microbial Fuel Cell Technology for Sustainable Treatment of Organic Wastes and Electrical Energy Recovery 291
Shi-Jie You, Nan-Qi Ren, and Qing-Liang Zhao

9.1 Introduction, 291

9.2 Fundamentals, Evaluation, and Design of MFCs, 293

9.3 Performance of Anodes, 295

9.4 Cathode Performances, 299

9.5 Separator, 306

9.6 pH Gradient and Buffer, 307

9.7 Applications of MFC-Based Technology, 309

9.8 Conclusions and Remarks, 314

References, 315

10 Anaerobic Digestion of Sewage Sludge 319
Kuan-Yeow Show, Duu-Jong Lee, and Joo-Hwa Tay

10.1 Introduction, 319

10.2 Principles of Anaerobic Digestion, 320

10.3 Environmental Requirements and Control, 324

10.4 Design Considerations for Anaerobic Sludge Digestion, 329

10.5 Component Design of Anaerobic Digester Systems, 331

10.6 Reactor Configurations, 336

10.7 Advantages and Limitations of Anaerobic Sludge Digestion, 343

10.8 Summary and New Horizons, 344

References, 345

11 Mechanical Pretreatment-Assisted Biological Processes 349
He´le`ne Carre`re, Damien J. Batstone, and Etienne Paul

11.1 Introduction, 349

11.2 Mechanisms of Mechanical Pretreatment, 350

11.3 Impacts of Treatment: Rate vs. Extent of Degradability, 353

11.4 Equipment for Mechanical Pretreatment, 354

11.5 Side Effects, 359

11.6 Mechanical Treatment Combined with Activated Sludge, 360

11.7 Mechanical Treatment Combined with Anaerobic Digestion, 361

11.8 Conclusion, 367

References, 368

12 Thermal Methods to Enhance Biological Treatment Processes 373
Etienne Paul, He´le`ne Carre`re, and Damien J. Batstone

12.1 Introduction, 373

12.2 Mechanisms, 374

12.3 Devices for Thermal Treatment, 388


12.4 Applications of Thermal Treatment, 390

12.5 Conclusions, 398

References, 399

13 Combustion, Pyrolysis, and Gasification of Sewage Sludge for Energy Recovery 405
Yong-Qiang Liu, Joo-Hwa Tay, and Yu Liu

13.1 Introduction, 405

13.2 Characteristics and Dewatering of Sewage Sludge, 406

13.3 Energy Recovery from Sludge, 408

References, 421

14 Aerobic Granular Sludge Technology for Wastewater Treatment 429
Bing-Jie Ni and Han-Qing Yu

14.1 Introduction, 429

14.2 Technological Starting Points: Cultivating Aerobic Granules, 431

14.3 Mechanisms of the Aerobic Granulation Process, 436

14.4 Characterization of Aerobic Granular Sludge, 438

14.5 Modeling Granule-Based SBR for Wastewater Treatment, 447

14.6 Bioremediation of Wastewaters with Aerobic Granular Sludge Technology, 452

14.7 Remarks, 456

References, 457

15 Biodegradable Bioplastics from Fermented Sludge, Wastes, and Effluents 465
Etienne Paul, Elisabeth Neuhauser, and Yu Liu

15.1 Introduction, 465

15.2 PHA Structure, 469

15.3 Microbiology for PHA Production, 469

15.4 Metabolism of PHA Production, 471

15.5 PHA Kinetics, 479

15.6 PHA Storage to Minimize Excess Sludge Production in Wastewater Treatment Plants, 481

15.7 Choice of Process and Reactor Design for PHA Production, 482

15.8 Culture Selection and Enrichment Strategies, 487

15.9 PHA Quality and Recovery, 489

15.10 Industrial Developments, 490

References, 492

Index 499
ETIENNE PAUL, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering at the National Institute of Applied Sciences. He has more than fifteen years of experience in the field of biological treatment of water, wastewater, and waste.

YU LIU, PhD, is an associate professor in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Nanyang Technological University. He has authored or edited six books, four book chapters, and over ninety journal articles.