Bioethics
An Anthology
Blackwell Philosophy Anthologies
4. Edition September 2021
944 Pages, Softcover
Professional Book
ISBN:
978-1-119-63511-6
John Wiley & Sons
Further versions
The new edition of the classic collection of key readings in bioethics, fully updated to reflect the latest developments and main issues in the field
For more than two decades, Bioethics: An Anthology has been widely regarded as the definitive single-volume compendium of seminal readings on both traditional and cutting-edge ethical issues in biology and medicine. Acclaimed for its scope and depth of coverage, this landmark work brings together compelling writings by internationally-renowned bioethicist to help readers develop a thorough understanding of the central ideas, critical issues, and current debate in the field.
Now fully revised and updated, the fourth edition contains a wealth of new content on ethical questions and controversies related to the COVID-19 pandemic, advances in CRISPR gene editing technology, physician-assisted death, public health and vaccinations, transgender children, medical aid in dying, the morality of ending the lives of newborns, and much more. Throughout the new edition, carefully selected essays explore a wide range of topics and offer diverse perspectives that underscore the interdisciplinary nature of bioethical study. Edited by two of the field's most respected scholars, Bioethics: An Anthology:
* Covers an unparalleled range of thematically-organized topics in a single volume
* Discusses recent high-profile cases, debates, and ethical issues
* Features three brand-new sections: Conscientious Objection, Academic Freedom and Research, and Disability
* Contains new essays on topics such as brain death, life and death decisions for the critically ill, experiments on humans and animals, neuroethics, and the use of drugs to ease the pain of unrequited love
* Includes a detailed index that allows the reader to easily find terms and topics of interest
Bioethics: An Anthology, Fourth Edition remains a must-have resource for all students, lecturers, and researchers studying the ethical implications of the health-related life sciences, and an invaluable reference for doctors, nurses, and other professionals working in health care and the biomedical sciences.
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Part I Abortion
Introduction
1. Abortion and Infanticide - Michael Tooley
2. A Defense of Abortion - Judith Jarvis Thomson
3. The Wrong of Abortion - Patrick Lee and Robert George
4. Why Abortion is Immoral - Don Marquis
Part II Issues in Reproduction
Introduction
Assisted Reproduction
5. Multiple Gestation and Damaged Babies: God's Will or Human Choice? - Greg Pence
6. The Meaning of Synthetic Gametes for Gay and Lesbian People and Bioethics too - Timothy Murphy
7. Rights, Interests and Possible People - Derek Parfit
Prenatal Screening, Sex Selection and Cloning
8. Genetics and Reproductive Risk: Can Having Children Be Immoral? - Laura M. Purdy
9 Sex Selection and Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis - The Ethics Committee of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine
10. Sex Selection and Preimplantation Diagnosis: A Response to the Ethics Committee of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine - Julian Savulescu and Edgar Dahl
11. Why We Should Not Permit Embryos to be Selected as Tissue Donors - David King
12. The Moral Status of Human Cloning: Neo-Lockean Persons versus Human Embryos - Michael Tooley
Part III Genetic Manipulation
Introduction
13. Questions About Some Uses of Genetic Engineering - Jonathan Glover
14. The Moral Significance of the Therapy-Enhancement Distinction in Human Genetics - David B. Resnik
15. In Defense of Posthuman Dignity - Nick Bostrom
16. Statement on NIH funding of research using gene-editing technologies in human embryos - Francis Collins
17. Genome editing and assisted reproduction: curing embryos, society or prospective parents - Giulia Cavaliere
18. Who's afraid of the big bad (germline editing) wolf? - R. Alta Charo
19. An ethical pathway for gene editing - Julian Savulescu & Peter Singer
Part IV Life and Death Issues
Introduction
20. The Sanctity of Life - Jonathan Glover
21. Declaration on Euthanasia - Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
Killing and Letting Die
22. Active and Passive Euthanasia - James Rachels
23. The Morality of Killing: A Traditional View - Germain Grisez and Joseph M. Boyle, Jr.
24. Is Killing No Worse Than Letting Die? - Winston Nesbitt
25. Why Killing Is Not Always Worse Than Letting Die - Helga Kuhse
26. Moral Fiction and Medical Ethics - Franklin Miller, Robert Truog, and Dan Brock
Newborns
27. Can a Physician Ever Justifiably Euthanize a Severely Disabled Newborn? - Robert M. Sade
28. No to infant euthanasia - Gilbert Meilaender
29. Physicians can justifiably euthanize certain severely impaired neonates - Udo Schüklenk
30. You Should not have let your baby die - Gary Comstock
31. After-Birth Abortion: Why Should the Baby Live? - Alberto Giubilini and Francesca Minerva
32. Does a human being gain the right to live after he or she is born? - Christopher Kaczor
33. Hard Lessons: Learning from the Charlie Gard Case - Dominic Wilkinson and Julian Savulescu
Brain Death
34. A Definition of Irreversible Coma - Report of the Ad Hoc Committee of the Harvard Medical School to Examine the Definition of Brain Death
35. The Challenge of Brain Death for the Sanctity of Life Ethic - Peter Singer
36. The Philosophical Debate - The President's Council on Bioethics
37. An Alternative to Brain Death - Jeff McMahan
Advance Directives
38. Life Past Reason - Ronald Dworkin
39. Dworkin on Dementia: Elegant Theory, Questionable Policy - Rebecca Dresser
Voluntary Euthanasia and Medically Assisted Suicide
40. The Note - Chris Hill
41. When Self-Determination Runs Amok - Daniel Callahan
42. When Abstract Moralizing Runs Amok - John Lachs
43. Physician-assisted death and severe, treatment-resistant depression - Bonnie Steinbock
44. Are Concerns about Irremediableness, Vulnerability, or Competence Sufficient to Justify Excluding All Psychiatric Patients from Medical Aid in Dying? - William Rooney, Udo Schüklenk, and Suzanne van de Vathorst
Part V: Resource Allocation
Introduction
45. In a Pandemic, Should We Save Younger Lives? - Peter Singer, Lucy Winkett
46. The Value of Life - John Harris
47. Bubbles under the Wallpaper: Healthcare Rationing and Discrimination - Nick Beckstead and Toby Ord
48. Rescuing Lives: Can't We Count? - Paul T. Menzel
49. Should Alcoholics Compete Equally for Liver Transplantation? - Alvin H. Moss and Mark Siegler
Part VI: Obtaining Organs
Introduction
50. Organ Donation and Retrieval: Whose Body is it Anyway? - Eike-Henner Kluge
51. The Case for Allowing Kidney Sales - Janet Radcliffe-Richards, A. S. Daar, R. D. Guttmann, R. Hoffenberg, I. Kennedy, M. Lock, R. A. Sells and N. Tilney and for the International Forum Transplant Ethics
52. Ethical Issues in the Supply And Demand of Kidneys - Debra Satz
53. The Survival Lottery - John Harris
Part VII: Ethical Issues in Research
Introduction
Experimentation with Humans
54. Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research - National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research
55. Scientific Research is a Moral Duty - John Harris
56. Participation in Biomedical Research is an Imperfect Moral Duty: A Response to John Harris - Sandra Shapshay and Kenneth D. Pimple
57. Unethical Trials of Interventions to Reduce Perinatal Transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Developing Countries - Peter Lurie and Sidney M. Wolfe
58. We're Trying to Help Our Sickest People, Not Exploit Them - Danstan Bagenda and Philippa Musoke-Mudido
59. Pandemic Ethics: The Case for Risky Research - Peter Singer and Richard Yetter Chappell
Experimentation with Animals
60. Duties Towards Animals - Immanuel Kant
61. A Utilitarian View - Jeremy Bentham
62. Harmful, Nontherapeutic Use of Animals in Research is Morally Wrong - Nathan Nobis
63. Use of Nonhuman Animals in Biomedical Research - Dario L. Ringach
64. Ethical Issues when Modelling Brain Disorders in Non-Human Primates - Carolyn P. Neuhaus
Academic Freedom and Research
65. On Liberty - John Stuart Mill
66. Should Some Knowledge Be Forbidden?: The Case of Cognitive Differences Research - Janet A. Kourany
67. Academic Freedom and Race: You Ought Not to Believe What You Think May Be True - James R. Flynn
Part VIII: Public Health Issues
Introduction
68. Ethics and Infectious Diseases - Michael J. Selgelid
69. XDR-TB in South Africa: No Time for Denial or Complacency - Jerome Amir Singh, Ross Upshur, Nesri Padayatchi
70. Clinical Ethics during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Missing the Trees for the Forest - Vijayaprasad Gopichandran
71. The Moral Obligation to be Vaccinated: Utilitarianism, Contractualism and Collective Easy Rescue - Alberto Giubilini, Thomas Douglas, and Julian Savulescu
72. Taking Responsibility for Responsibility - Neil Levy
Part IX: Ethical Issues in the Practice of Healthcare
Introduction
When do doctors have a duty to treat?
73. What Healthcare Professionals Owe Us: Why Their Duty to Treat During a Pandemic is Contingent on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - Udo Schüklenk
74. Conscientious Objection in Health Care - Mark R. Wicclair
75. Conscientious Objection in Medicine: Accommodation versus Professionalism and the Public Good - Udo Schüklenk
Confidentiality
76. Confidentiality in Medicine: A Decrepit Concept - Mark Siegler
77. A Defense of Unqualified Medical Confidentiality - Kenneth Kipnis
Truth-Telling
78. On a Supposed Right to Lie from Altruistic Motives - Immanuel Kant
79. Should Doctors Tell the Truth? - Joseph Collins
80. On Telling Patients the Truth - Roger Higgs
Informed Consent and Patient Autonomy
81. On Liberty - John Stuart Mill
82. From 'Schloendorff v. New York Hospital' - Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo
83. Informed Consent: Its History, Meaning, and Present Challenges - Tom L.Beauchamp
84. The Doctor-Patient Relationship in Different Cultures - Ruth Macklin
85. Transgender Children and the Right to Transition: Medical Ethics when Parents Mean Well but Cause Harm - Maria Priest
86. Amputees by Choice - Carl Elliott
87. Rational Desires and the Limitations of Life-Sustaining Treatment - Julian Savulescu
Part X Disability
88. Valuing Disability, Causing Disability - Elizabeth Barnes
89. Is Disability Mere Difference? - Greg Bognar
90. Prenatal Diagnosis and Selective Abortion: A Challenge to Practice and Policy - Adrienne Asch
91. Down Syndrome Screening Isn't about Public Health: It's about Eliminating a Group of People - Renate Lindeman
92. I Would've Aborted a Fetus with Down Syndrome: Women Need that Right - Ruth Marcus
Part XI: Neuroethics
Introduction
93. Neuroethics: Ethics and the Sciences of the Mind - Neil Levy
94. Engineering Love - Julian Savulescu and Anders Sandberg
95. Unrequited Love Hurts: Should Doctors Treat Broken Hearts? - Francesca Minerva
96. Stimulating Brains, Altering Minds - Walter Glannon
97. Authenticity or Autonomy? When Deep Brain Stimulation Causes a Dilemma - Felicitas Kraemer
98 . On the Necessity of Ethical Guidelines for Novel Neurotechnologies - Sara Goering and Rafael Yuste
Index
Introduction
Part I Abortion
Introduction
1. Abortion and Infanticide - Michael Tooley
2. A Defense of Abortion - Judith Jarvis Thomson
3. The Wrong of Abortion - Patrick Lee and Robert George
4. Why Abortion is Immoral - Don Marquis
Part II Issues in Reproduction
Introduction
Assisted Reproduction
5. Multiple Gestation and Damaged Babies: God's Will or Human Choice? - Greg Pence
6. The Meaning of Synthetic Gametes for Gay and Lesbian People and Bioethics too - Timothy Murphy
7. Rights, Interests and Possible People - Derek Parfit
Prenatal Screening, Sex Selection and Cloning
8. Genetics and Reproductive Risk: Can Having Children Be Immoral? - Laura M. Purdy
9 Sex Selection and Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis - The Ethics Committee of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine
10. Sex Selection and Preimplantation Diagnosis: A Response to the Ethics Committee of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine - Julian Savulescu and Edgar Dahl
11. Why We Should Not Permit Embryos to be Selected as Tissue Donors - David King
12. The Moral Status of Human Cloning: Neo-Lockean Persons versus Human Embryos - Michael Tooley
Part III Genetic Manipulation
Introduction
13. Questions About Some Uses of Genetic Engineering - Jonathan Glover
14. The Moral Significance of the Therapy-Enhancement Distinction in Human Genetics - David B. Resnik
15. In Defense of Posthuman Dignity - Nick Bostrom
16. Statement on NIH funding of research using gene-editing technologies in human embryos - Francis Collins
17. Genome editing and assisted reproduction: curing embryos, society or prospective parents - Giulia Cavaliere
18. Who's afraid of the big bad (germline editing) wolf? - R. Alta Charo
19. An ethical pathway for gene editing - Julian Savulescu & Peter Singer
Part IV Life and Death Issues
Introduction
20. The Sanctity of Life - Jonathan Glover
21. Declaration on Euthanasia - Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
Killing and Letting Die
22. Active and Passive Euthanasia - James Rachels
23. The Morality of Killing: A Traditional View - Germain Grisez and Joseph M. Boyle, Jr.
24. Is Killing No Worse Than Letting Die? - Winston Nesbitt
25. Why Killing Is Not Always Worse Than Letting Die - Helga Kuhse
26. Moral Fiction and Medical Ethics - Franklin Miller, Robert Truog, and Dan Brock
Newborns
27. Can a Physician Ever Justifiably Euthanize a Severely Disabled Newborn? - Robert M. Sade
28. No to infant euthanasia - Gilbert Meilaender
29. Physicians can justifiably euthanize certain severely impaired neonates - Udo Schüklenk
30. You Should not have let your baby die - Gary Comstock
31. After-Birth Abortion: Why Should the Baby Live? - Alberto Giubilini and Francesca Minerva
32. Does a human being gain the right to live after he or she is born? - Christopher Kaczor
33. Hard Lessons: Learning from the Charlie Gard Case - Dominic Wilkinson and Julian Savulescu
Brain Death
34. A Definition of Irreversible Coma - Report of the Ad Hoc Committee of the Harvard Medical School to Examine the Definition of Brain Death
35. The Challenge of Brain Death for the Sanctity of Life Ethic - Peter Singer
36. The Philosophical Debate - The President's Council on Bioethics
37. An Alternative to Brain Death - Jeff McMahan
Advance Directives
38. Life Past Reason - Ronald Dworkin
39. Dworkin on Dementia: Elegant Theory, Questionable Policy - Rebecca Dresser
Voluntary Euthanasia and Medically Assisted Suicide
40. The Note - Chris Hill
41. When Self-Determination Runs Amok - Daniel Callahan
42. When Abstract Moralizing Runs Amok - John Lachs
43. Physician-assisted death and severe, treatment-resistant depression - Bonnie Steinbock
44. Are Concerns about Irremediableness, Vulnerability, or Competence Sufficient to Justify Excluding All Psychiatric Patients from Medical Aid in Dying? - William Rooney, Udo Schüklenk, and Suzanne van de Vathorst
Part V: Resource Allocation
Introduction
45. In a Pandemic, Should We Save Younger Lives? - Peter Singer, Lucy Winkett
46. The Value of Life - John Harris
47. Bubbles under the Wallpaper: Healthcare Rationing and Discrimination - Nick Beckstead and Toby Ord
48. Rescuing Lives: Can't We Count? - Paul T. Menzel
49. Should Alcoholics Compete Equally for Liver Transplantation? - Alvin H. Moss and Mark Siegler
Part VI: Obtaining Organs
Introduction
50. Organ Donation and Retrieval: Whose Body is it Anyway? - Eike-Henner Kluge
51. The Case for Allowing Kidney Sales - Janet Radcliffe-Richards, A. S. Daar, R. D. Guttmann, R. Hoffenberg, I. Kennedy, M. Lock, R. A. Sells and N. Tilney and for the International Forum Transplant Ethics
52. Ethical Issues in the Supply And Demand of Kidneys - Debra Satz
53. The Survival Lottery - John Harris
Part VII: Ethical Issues in Research
Introduction
Experimentation with Humans
54. Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research - National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research
55. Scientific Research is a Moral Duty - John Harris
56. Participation in Biomedical Research is an Imperfect Moral Duty: A Response to John Harris - Sandra Shapshay and Kenneth D. Pimple
57. Unethical Trials of Interventions to Reduce Perinatal Transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Developing Countries - Peter Lurie and Sidney M. Wolfe
58. We're Trying to Help Our Sickest People, Not Exploit Them - Danstan Bagenda and Philippa Musoke-Mudido
59. Pandemic Ethics: The Case for Risky Research - Peter Singer and Richard Yetter Chappell
Experimentation with Animals
60. Duties Towards Animals - Immanuel Kant
61. A Utilitarian View - Jeremy Bentham
62. Harmful, Nontherapeutic Use of Animals in Research is Morally Wrong - Nathan Nobis
63. Use of Nonhuman Animals in Biomedical Research - Dario L. Ringach
64. Ethical Issues when Modelling Brain Disorders in Non-Human Primates - Carolyn P. Neuhaus
Academic Freedom and Research
65. On Liberty - John Stuart Mill
66. Should Some Knowledge Be Forbidden?: The Case of Cognitive Differences Research - Janet A. Kourany
67. Academic Freedom and Race: You Ought Not to Believe What You Think May Be True - James R. Flynn
Part VIII: Public Health Issues
Introduction
68. Ethics and Infectious Diseases - Michael J. Selgelid
69. XDR-TB in South Africa: No Time for Denial or Complacency - Jerome Amir Singh, Ross Upshur, Nesri Padayatchi
70. Clinical Ethics during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Missing the Trees for the Forest - Vijayaprasad Gopichandran
71. The Moral Obligation to be Vaccinated: Utilitarianism, Contractualism and Collective Easy Rescue - Alberto Giubilini, Thomas Douglas, and Julian Savulescu
72. Taking Responsibility for Responsibility - Neil Levy
Part IX: Ethical Issues in the Practice of Healthcare
Introduction
When do doctors have a duty to treat?
73. What Healthcare Professionals Owe Us: Why Their Duty to Treat During a Pandemic is Contingent on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - Udo Schüklenk
74. Conscientious Objection in Health Care - Mark R. Wicclair
75. Conscientious Objection in Medicine: Accommodation versus Professionalism and the Public Good - Udo Schüklenk
Confidentiality
76. Confidentiality in Medicine: A Decrepit Concept - Mark Siegler
77. A Defense of Unqualified Medical Confidentiality - Kenneth Kipnis
Truth-Telling
78. On a Supposed Right to Lie from Altruistic Motives - Immanuel Kant
79. Should Doctors Tell the Truth? - Joseph Collins
80. On Telling Patients the Truth - Roger Higgs
Informed Consent and Patient Autonomy
81. On Liberty - John Stuart Mill
82. From 'Schloendorff v. New York Hospital' - Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo
83. Informed Consent: Its History, Meaning, and Present Challenges - Tom L.Beauchamp
84. The Doctor-Patient Relationship in Different Cultures - Ruth Macklin
85. Transgender Children and the Right to Transition: Medical Ethics when Parents Mean Well but Cause Harm - Maria Priest
86. Amputees by Choice - Carl Elliott
87. Rational Desires and the Limitations of Life-Sustaining Treatment - Julian Savulescu
Part X Disability
88. Valuing Disability, Causing Disability - Elizabeth Barnes
89. Is Disability Mere Difference? - Greg Bognar
90. Prenatal Diagnosis and Selective Abortion: A Challenge to Practice and Policy - Adrienne Asch
91. Down Syndrome Screening Isn't about Public Health: It's about Eliminating a Group of People - Renate Lindeman
92. I Would've Aborted a Fetus with Down Syndrome: Women Need that Right - Ruth Marcus
Part XI: Neuroethics
Introduction
93. Neuroethics: Ethics and the Sciences of the Mind - Neil Levy
94. Engineering Love - Julian Savulescu and Anders Sandberg
95. Unrequited Love Hurts: Should Doctors Treat Broken Hearts? - Francesca Minerva
96. Stimulating Brains, Altering Minds - Walter Glannon
97. Authenticity or Autonomy? When Deep Brain Stimulation Causes a Dilemma - Felicitas Kraemer
98 . On the Necessity of Ethical Guidelines for Novel Neurotechnologies - Sara Goering and Rafael Yuste
Index
UDO SCHÜKLENK is Ontario Research Chair in Bioethics and Public Policy, Queen's University at Kingston, Ontario, Canada. He has held academic appointments in Australia, the UK, and South Africa, and is a long-serving Joint Editor-in-Chief of the journal Bioethics, the official publication of the International Association of Bioethics.
PETER SINGER is Ira W. DeCamp Professor of Bioethics, Princeton University, USA. He is best known as the author of Animal Liberation, widely considered to be the founding statement of the animal rights movement, and for his role in inspiring the growth of effective altruism.
PETER SINGER is Ira W. DeCamp Professor of Bioethics, Princeton University, USA. He is best known as the author of Animal Liberation, widely considered to be the founding statement of the animal rights movement, and for his role in inspiring the growth of effective altruism.
