Hand Hygiene
A Handbook for Medical Professionals
Hospital Medicine - Current Concepts
1. Edition August 2017
456 Pages, Softcover
Practical Approach Book
ISBN:
978-1-118-84686-5
John Wiley & Sons
The first comprehensive, authoritative review of one of the most fundamental and important issues in infection control and patient safety, hand hygiene. Developed and presented by the world's leading scholar-clinicians, Hand Hygiene is an essential resource for all medical professionals.
* Developed and presented by the world leaders in this fundamental topic
* Fully integrates World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and policies
* Offers a global perspective in tackling hand hygiene issues in developed and developing countries
* Coverage of basic and highly complex clinical applications of hand hygiene practices
* Includes novel and unusual aspects and issues in hand hygiene such as religious and cultural aspects and patient participation
* Offers guidance at the individual, institutional, and organizational levels for national and worldwide hygiene promotion campaigns
Contributors xi
Preface xv
Foreword xvii
1. The Burden of Healthcare-Associated Infection 1
Benedetta Allegranzi, Sepideh Bagheri Nejad, and Didier Pittet
2. Historical Perspectives 8
Andrew J. Stewardson and Didier Pittet
3. Flora and Physiology of Normal Skin 12
Gürkan Kaya and Didier Pittet
4. Dynamics of Hand Transmission 18
Andrew J. Stewardson, Benedetta Allegranzi, and Didier Pittet
5. Mathematical Models of Handborne Transmission of Nosocomial Pathogens 28
Ben S. Cooper and Nantasit Luangasanatip
6. Methodological Issues in Hand Hygiene Science 36
Matthew Samore and Stephan Harbarth
7. Statistical Issues: How to Overcome the Complexity of Data Analysis in Hand Hygiene Research? 42
Angèle Gayet-Ageron and Eli Perencevich
8. Hand Hygiene Agents 51
Pascal Bonnabry and Andreas Voss
9. Methods to Evaluate the Antimicrobial Efficacy of HandHygiene Agents 58
Manfred L. Rotter, Syed A. Sattar, and Miranda Suchomel
10. Hand Hygiene Technique 70
Marie-Noëlle Chraïti and Andreas F. Widmer
11. Compliance with Hand Hygiene Best Practices 76
Benedetta Allegranzi, Andrew J. Stewardson, and Didier Pittet
12. Barriers to Compliance 85
John M. Boyce, Benedetta Allegranzi, and Didier Pittet
13. Physicians and Hand Hygiene 89
Benedetta Allegranzi, Andrew J. Stewardson, and Didier Pittet
14. Surgical Hand Preparation 94
Andreas F. Widmer and Joseph Solomkin
15. Skin Reaction to Hand Hygiene 101
Elaine Larson
16. Alcohol-Based Handrub Safety 105
John M. Boyce and M. Lindsay Grayson
17. Rinse, Gel, Foam, Soap ... Selecting an Agent 109
Andreas Voss
18. Behavior and Hand Hygiene 115
Mary-Louise McLaws and Hugo Sax
19. Hand Hygiene Promotion Strategies 123
Benedetta Allegranzi and Didier Pittet
20. My Five Moments for Hand Hygiene 134
Hugo Sax, Benedetta Allegranzi, and Didier Pittet
21. System Change 144
Benedetta Allegranzi, Andreas Voss, and Didier Pittet
22. Education of Healthcare Professionals 152
Elaine Larson, Marie-Noëlle Chraïti, and Wing-Hong Seto
23. Glove Use and Hand Hygiene 156
Marie-Noëlle Chraïti, Benedetta Allegranzi, and Elaine Larson
24. Monitoring Hand Hygiene Performance 162
Hugo Sax and John M. Boyce
25. Performance Feedback 172
Andrew J. Stewardson and Hugo Sax
26. Marketing Hand Hygiene 180
Julie Storr and Hugo Sax
27. Human Factors Design 185
Lauren Clack and Hugo Sax
28. Institutional Safety Climate 193
Enrique Castro-Sánchez, Alison Holmes, and Didier Pittet
29. Personal Accountability for Hand Hygiene 201
Robert M. Wachter and Peter Pronovost
30. Patient Participation and Empowerment 206
Yves Longtin, Susan E. Sheridan, and Maryanne McGuckin
31. Religion and Hand Hygiene 216
Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq and Ziad A. Memish
32. Hand Hygiene Promotion from the US Perspective: PuttingWHO and CDC Guidelines into Practice 221
Katherine Ellingson
33. WHO Multimodal Promotion Strategy 230
Benedetta Allegranzi and Didier Pittet
34. Monitoring Your Institution (Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework) 244
Benedetta Allegranzi, Andrew J. Stewardson, and Didier Pittet
35. National Hand Hygiene Campaigns 249
Claire Kilpatrick and Julie Storr
36. Hand Hygiene Campaigning: From One Hospital to the Entire Country 256
Philip L. Russo and M. Lindsay Grayson
37. Improving Hand Hygiene through Joint Commission Accreditation and the Joint Commission Center for Transforming Healthcare 263
Mark R. Chassin, Barbara I. Braun, and Anne Marie Benedicto
38. A Worldwide WHO Hand Hygiene in Healthcare Campaign 275
Claire Kilpatrick, Julie Storr, and Benedetta Allegranzi
39. The Economic Impact of Improved Hand Hygiene 285
Nicholas Graves
40. Hand Hygiene: Key Principles for the Manager 294
Eleanor Murray, Alison Holmes, and Didier Pittet
41. Effect of Hand Hygiene on Infection Rates 299
Benedetta Allegranzi, Stephan Harbarth, and Didier Pittet
42A.Hand Hygiene in Specific Patient Populations and Situations: Critically Ill Patients 317
Caroline Landelle, Jean-Christophe Lucet, and Didier Pittet
42B. Hand Hygiene in Specific Patient Populations and Situations: Neonates and Pediatrics 324
Walter Zingg and Hanan H. Balkhy
42C. Hand Hygiene in Long-Term Care Facilities and Home Care 329
Maria Luisa Moro, Marie-Noëlle Chraïti, and Benedetta Allegranzi
42D.Hand Hygiene in Ambulatory Care 337
Marie-Noëlle Chraïti, Sepideh Bagheri Nejad, and Benedetta Allegranzi
42E. Hand Hygiene in Hemodialysis 344
Marie-Noëlle Chraïti, Sepideh Bagheri Nejad, and Benedetta Allegranzi
42F. Hand Hygiene in Specific Patient Populations and Situations: Anesthesiology 350
François Stéphan
43. Hand Hygiene in Resource-Poor Settings 357
Nizam Damani, Shaheen Mehtar, and Benedetta Allegranzi
44A. Role of Hand Hygiene in MRSA Control 367
Stephan Harbarth
44B. Role of Hand Hygiene in Clostridium difficile Control 373
John M. Boyce and Walter Zingg
44C. Role of Hand Hygiene in Respiratory Diseases Including Influenza 378
Wing Hong Seto and Benjamin J. Cowling
44D. Handborne Spread of Noroviruses and its Interruption 385
Syed A. Sattar and Yves Longtin
45. Conducting a Literature Review on Hand Hygiene 391
Daniela Pires, Fernando Bellissimo-Rodrigues, and Didier Pittet
Appendix 400
Index 409
Preface xv
Foreword xvii
1. The Burden of Healthcare-Associated Infection 1
Benedetta Allegranzi, Sepideh Bagheri Nejad, and Didier Pittet
2. Historical Perspectives 8
Andrew J. Stewardson and Didier Pittet
3. Flora and Physiology of Normal Skin 12
Gürkan Kaya and Didier Pittet
4. Dynamics of Hand Transmission 18
Andrew J. Stewardson, Benedetta Allegranzi, and Didier Pittet
5. Mathematical Models of Handborne Transmission of Nosocomial Pathogens 28
Ben S. Cooper and Nantasit Luangasanatip
6. Methodological Issues in Hand Hygiene Science 36
Matthew Samore and Stephan Harbarth
7. Statistical Issues: How to Overcome the Complexity of Data Analysis in Hand Hygiene Research? 42
Angèle Gayet-Ageron and Eli Perencevich
8. Hand Hygiene Agents 51
Pascal Bonnabry and Andreas Voss
9. Methods to Evaluate the Antimicrobial Efficacy of HandHygiene Agents 58
Manfred L. Rotter, Syed A. Sattar, and Miranda Suchomel
10. Hand Hygiene Technique 70
Marie-Noëlle Chraïti and Andreas F. Widmer
11. Compliance with Hand Hygiene Best Practices 76
Benedetta Allegranzi, Andrew J. Stewardson, and Didier Pittet
12. Barriers to Compliance 85
John M. Boyce, Benedetta Allegranzi, and Didier Pittet
13. Physicians and Hand Hygiene 89
Benedetta Allegranzi, Andrew J. Stewardson, and Didier Pittet
14. Surgical Hand Preparation 94
Andreas F. Widmer and Joseph Solomkin
15. Skin Reaction to Hand Hygiene 101
Elaine Larson
16. Alcohol-Based Handrub Safety 105
John M. Boyce and M. Lindsay Grayson
17. Rinse, Gel, Foam, Soap ... Selecting an Agent 109
Andreas Voss
18. Behavior and Hand Hygiene 115
Mary-Louise McLaws and Hugo Sax
19. Hand Hygiene Promotion Strategies 123
Benedetta Allegranzi and Didier Pittet
20. My Five Moments for Hand Hygiene 134
Hugo Sax, Benedetta Allegranzi, and Didier Pittet
21. System Change 144
Benedetta Allegranzi, Andreas Voss, and Didier Pittet
22. Education of Healthcare Professionals 152
Elaine Larson, Marie-Noëlle Chraïti, and Wing-Hong Seto
23. Glove Use and Hand Hygiene 156
Marie-Noëlle Chraïti, Benedetta Allegranzi, and Elaine Larson
24. Monitoring Hand Hygiene Performance 162
Hugo Sax and John M. Boyce
25. Performance Feedback 172
Andrew J. Stewardson and Hugo Sax
26. Marketing Hand Hygiene 180
Julie Storr and Hugo Sax
27. Human Factors Design 185
Lauren Clack and Hugo Sax
28. Institutional Safety Climate 193
Enrique Castro-Sánchez, Alison Holmes, and Didier Pittet
29. Personal Accountability for Hand Hygiene 201
Robert M. Wachter and Peter Pronovost
30. Patient Participation and Empowerment 206
Yves Longtin, Susan E. Sheridan, and Maryanne McGuckin
31. Religion and Hand Hygiene 216
Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq and Ziad A. Memish
32. Hand Hygiene Promotion from the US Perspective: PuttingWHO and CDC Guidelines into Practice 221
Katherine Ellingson
33. WHO Multimodal Promotion Strategy 230
Benedetta Allegranzi and Didier Pittet
34. Monitoring Your Institution (Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework) 244
Benedetta Allegranzi, Andrew J. Stewardson, and Didier Pittet
35. National Hand Hygiene Campaigns 249
Claire Kilpatrick and Julie Storr
36. Hand Hygiene Campaigning: From One Hospital to the Entire Country 256
Philip L. Russo and M. Lindsay Grayson
37. Improving Hand Hygiene through Joint Commission Accreditation and the Joint Commission Center for Transforming Healthcare 263
Mark R. Chassin, Barbara I. Braun, and Anne Marie Benedicto
38. A Worldwide WHO Hand Hygiene in Healthcare Campaign 275
Claire Kilpatrick, Julie Storr, and Benedetta Allegranzi
39. The Economic Impact of Improved Hand Hygiene 285
Nicholas Graves
40. Hand Hygiene: Key Principles for the Manager 294
Eleanor Murray, Alison Holmes, and Didier Pittet
41. Effect of Hand Hygiene on Infection Rates 299
Benedetta Allegranzi, Stephan Harbarth, and Didier Pittet
42A.Hand Hygiene in Specific Patient Populations and Situations: Critically Ill Patients 317
Caroline Landelle, Jean-Christophe Lucet, and Didier Pittet
42B. Hand Hygiene in Specific Patient Populations and Situations: Neonates and Pediatrics 324
Walter Zingg and Hanan H. Balkhy
42C. Hand Hygiene in Long-Term Care Facilities and Home Care 329
Maria Luisa Moro, Marie-Noëlle Chraïti, and Benedetta Allegranzi
42D.Hand Hygiene in Ambulatory Care 337
Marie-Noëlle Chraïti, Sepideh Bagheri Nejad, and Benedetta Allegranzi
42E. Hand Hygiene in Hemodialysis 344
Marie-Noëlle Chraïti, Sepideh Bagheri Nejad, and Benedetta Allegranzi
42F. Hand Hygiene in Specific Patient Populations and Situations: Anesthesiology 350
François Stéphan
43. Hand Hygiene in Resource-Poor Settings 357
Nizam Damani, Shaheen Mehtar, and Benedetta Allegranzi
44A. Role of Hand Hygiene in MRSA Control 367
Stephan Harbarth
44B. Role of Hand Hygiene in Clostridium difficile Control 373
John M. Boyce and Walter Zingg
44C. Role of Hand Hygiene in Respiratory Diseases Including Influenza 378
Wing Hong Seto and Benjamin J. Cowling
44D. Handborne Spread of Noroviruses and its Interruption 385
Syed A. Sattar and Yves Longtin
45. Conducting a Literature Review on Hand Hygiene 391
Daniela Pires, Fernando Bellissimo-Rodrigues, and Didier Pittet
Appendix 400
Index 409
"In their new textbook, Hand Hygiene: A Handbook for Medical Professionals, Didier Pittet, John Boyce, and Benedetta Allegranzi turn to leading experts on patient safety and infection control to produce an impressive book with 45 chapters focusing on every aspect of hand hygiene. But, as Pittet asks in the preface, "Does hand hygiene deserve a textbook?" It is refreshing for a textbook writer to ask this question about his own book, and the answer, as the foreword suggests, is a resounding "yes."
While hand hygiene is essential, compliance is complicated. Additionally, actual rates of compliance are difficult to measure as are the number of HAIs that can be prevented with high hand hygiene compliance rates. With these issues in mind, Pittet and colleagues present this new work with a noble objective, "to save many more millions of lives every year worldwide."
The edition includes many important, but often overlooked, areas in chapters covering topics such as hand
hygiene promotion strategies, human factors, barriers to compliance, and skin reaction to hand hygiene. Of
particular importance, the book includes chapters on the safety climate as well as personal accountability. Of note, a chapter on religion and cultural practices sheds light on interesting issues that are often marginalised. The book is organised logically, beginning with a review of the data on HAI......We have a real problem with hand hygiene among medical professionals, and now is the time to embrace change. This handbook takes an important step in that direction. Pittet believes that a renewed commitment by providers will "drive excellence in hand hygiene practices, research, and attitudes for many years to come." The editors and authors should be commended for this laudable goal and outstanding handbook" (The Lancet Vol 17 August 17)
While hand hygiene is essential, compliance is complicated. Additionally, actual rates of compliance are difficult to measure as are the number of HAIs that can be prevented with high hand hygiene compliance rates. With these issues in mind, Pittet and colleagues present this new work with a noble objective, "to save many more millions of lives every year worldwide."
The edition includes many important, but often overlooked, areas in chapters covering topics such as hand
hygiene promotion strategies, human factors, barriers to compliance, and skin reaction to hand hygiene. Of
particular importance, the book includes chapters on the safety climate as well as personal accountability. Of note, a chapter on religion and cultural practices sheds light on interesting issues that are often marginalised. The book is organised logically, beginning with a review of the data on HAI......We have a real problem with hand hygiene among medical professionals, and now is the time to embrace change. This handbook takes an important step in that direction. Pittet believes that a renewed commitment by providers will "drive excellence in hand hygiene practices, research, and attitudes for many years to come." The editors and authors should be commended for this laudable goal and outstanding handbook" (The Lancet Vol 17 August 17)
Didier Pittet MD, MS, CBE, Infection Control Program and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
John M. Boyce MD, Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, Yale-New Haven Hospital, and Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Benedetta Allegranzi MD, Infection Prevention and Control Global Unit, Department of Service Delivery and Safety, World Health Organization, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
John M. Boyce MD, Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, Yale-New Haven Hospital, and Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Benedetta Allegranzi MD, Infection Prevention and Control Global Unit, Department of Service Delivery and Safety, World Health Organization, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
