February 1933
The Winter of Literature
1. Edition April 2023
288 Pages, Hardcover
General Reading
Short Description
It all happened in a flash. February 1933 was the month in which the fate of German writers, as for so many others, was decided. In a tensely spun narrative, Uwe Wittstock tells the story of a demise which was predicted by some but also scarcely thought possible. He reveals how, in a matter of weeks, the glittering Weimar literary scene gave way to a long, dark winter, and how the net drew ever closer for Thomas Mann, Bertolt Brecht, Else Lasker-Schüler, Alfred Döblin, and countless others.
Monday, January 30: Adolf Hitler is sworn in as Chancellor of Germany. Joseph Roth cannot wait any longer to learn what today's paper will report. He leaves for the station early in the morning and takes the train to Paris; bidding Berlin farewell comes naturally to him. Meanwhile, Thomas Mann barely spares a thought for politics during the next ten days, focusing instead on his forthcoming speech on Richard Wagner.
Weaving an intimate portrait of the major figures whose lives he follows day by day, Wittstock shows how the landslide of events which immediately followed Hitler's victory spelled disaster for the country's literary elite. He resurrects the atmosphere of the times, marked by anxiety for many, by passivity and self-betrayal for some, and by grim determination for others. Who will applaud the new dictator, and who will flee, fearing for their life?
Drawing on unpublished archival material, this important work is both a meticulous historical narrative and a timely reminder that we must remain vigilant in the face of the forces that threaten democracy, however distant the prospect of totalitarianism may seem.
It all happened in a flash. February 1933 was the month in which the fate of German writers, as for so many others, was decided. In a tensely spun narrative, Uwe Wittstock tells the story of a demise which was predicted by some but also scarcely thought possible. He reveals how, in a matter of weeks, the glittering Weimar literary scene gave way to a long, dark winter, and how the net drew ever closer for Thomas Mann, Bertolt Brecht, Else Lasker-Schüler, Alfred Döblin, and countless others.
Monday, January 30: Adolf Hitler is sworn in as Chancellor of Germany. Joseph Roth cannot wait any longer to learn what today's paper will report. He leaves for the station early in the morning and takes the train to Paris; bidding Berlin farewell comes naturally to him. Meanwhile, Thomas Mann barely spares a thought for politics during the next ten days, focusing instead on his forthcoming speech on Richard Wagner.
Weaving an intimate portrait of the major figures whose lives he follows day by day, Wittstock shows how the landslide of events which immediately followed Hitler's victory spelled disaster for the country's literary elite. He resurrects the atmosphere of the times, marked by anxiety for many, by passivity and self-betrayal for some, and by grim determination for others. Who will applaud the new dictator, and who will flee, fearing for their life?
Drawing on unpublished archival material, this important work is both a meticulous historical narrative and a timely reminder that we must remain vigilant in the face of the forces that threaten democracy, however distant the prospect of totalitarianism may seem.
List of Illustrations
Stepping off the Cliff * The month in which the die was cast
The Republic's Last Dance * Saturday, 28 January
Hell Reigns * Monday, 30 January
Axes at the Door * Tuesday, 31 January
Inferior Foreign-Blooded Trash * Thursday, 2 February
Tongue-Tied * Friday, 3 February
Not Sure What to Do * Saturday, 4 February
Burial in the Rain * Sunday, 5 February
Meeting Routine * Monday, 6 February
Hideous, Violent Little Characters * Friday, 10 February
Schutzstaffel for Writers * Sunday, 12 February
Men in Black * Monday, 13 February
Fever and Flight * Tuesday, 14 February
Slamming the Door * Wednesday, 15 February
The Little Schoolteacher * Thursday, 16 February
I'm Leaving. I'm Staying * Friday, 17 February
No Treasure in the Silver Lake * Saturday, 18 February
What's the Point of Writing? * Sunday, 19 February
Pay up! * Monday, 20 February
Pretty Good Cover * Tuesday, 21 February
Surviving the Coming Weeks * Wednesday, 22 February
A Minister in the Audience * Friday, 24 February
Civil War Tribunal and Police Protection * Saturday, 25 February
Travel Advice * Monday, 27 February
Dictatorship Is Here * Tuesday, 28 February
Fading from the World * Wednesday, 1 March
The Fake Mother * Friday, 3 March
Don't Open the Door! * Saturday, 4 March
Casting a Ballot * Sunday, 5 March
The Emigrant's Solitude * Monday, 6 March
Courage, Fear, and Fire * Tuesday, 7 March
Nothing but Goodbyes * Wednesday, 8 March
Unexpected Attacks * Friday, 10 March
Final Days * Saturday, 11 March
Departures * Monday, 13 March
The Sight of This Hell * Wednesday, 15 March
What Happened Afterward * 33 Life Sketches
Afterword
Bibliography
Index
Bernhard Schlink, author of The Reader
"There are few months in history that can be said to be truly momentous - that shape an entire epoch. February 1933 was surely one of those months, and Uwe Wittstock's gripping account of that period is a masterful weaving together of historical sources, from weather reports, newspapers, and train timetables, to personal diaries and police records. His narrative leaves the reader gasping for breath as the events unroll so quickly. Although we already know the outcome, it has the pace and intensity of a thriller. Above all February 1933 is a stark reminder of the fragility of democracy and the rule of law, and how we must be ever vigilant if we are to defend it."
Richard Ovenden, Bodleian Libraries
"February 1933 tells the story of the impact of Hitler's rise to power on the lives of German writers over the first six weeks of the regime. Written like a novel in scintillating prose, this unique, groundbreaking book is both accessible to the general reader and deserves a place of honor on every cultural historian's bookshelf."
David Livingstone Smith, author of Making Monsters: The Uncanny Power of Dehumanization
"Shines a forensic torch on the conflicted debates that Germany's writers had among themselves, and with themselves, about how best to respond to events ... Wittstock's approach is as meticulous as one would expect from a decorated journalist."
Stuart Walton, Hong Kong Review of Books
"An intimate history of a momentous month ... February, 1933 richly evokes what it was like to live through a time in which democracy was hijacked and fundamental rights stripped away."
Camilla Cassidy, History Today
"Wittstock's present-tense chronicle is packed with detail, from the crowd that formed a human pyramid so that someone could hand Hitler a rose at his window to the first book-book-burning in Dresden on March 8."
Lesley Chamberlain, Times Literary Supplement
"Wittstock's literary tour de force ... is a work of major intellectual and cultural impact."
The Jewish Chronicle
"Tense, vivid, and urgent ... a haunting picture of danger, despair, and the endurance of the human spirit."
Jewish Book Council
"A quick, compelling, and often powerful read."
The Complete Review
"Gripping ... pulses with surprise and suspense."
Financial Times
"Wittstock shows just how quickly the regime of terror emerged, snuffing out democracy--and with it, an entire literary era."
Los Angeles Review of Books
"A thrilling day-by-day account of the first month of Hitler's chancellorship ... remarkable."
The New European
"a narrative that reads like a fast-paced novel"
Pankaj Mishra, New York Review of Books
"Wittstock's spine-stiffening narrative ... provides the context for assessing our own goodness and weakness."
On the Seawall
